Regulation of macroporous cellulose microspheres via phase separation force induced by carbon nanotubes doping for enhanced protein adsorption.

The burgeoning requirement for purified biomacromolecules in biopharmaceutical industry has amplified the exigency for advanced chromatographic separation techniques. Herein, macroporous cellulose microspheres (CCMs) with micron-sized pores are produced by a facile regulation via carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this strategy, the incorporation of CNTs breaks the homogeneous regeneration of the cellulose, thus providing anisotropic phase force to produce macropores.

Sequential diethylaminoethyl dextran-grafting and diethylaminoethyl modification improve the adsorption performance of anion exchangers.

Ion exchangers with high adsorption capacity, fast mass transfer, and high salt-tolerance synchronously are highly desired for high-performance protein purification. Here, we propose a sequential diethylaminoethyl dextran-grafting and diethylaminoethyl chloride modification strategy to achieve high-performance anion exchangers. The advantages of the double-modification strategy lie in: (1) the introduction of diethylaminoethyl in the second modification has no diffusion limitation due to the small molecular size, thus a high ionic capacity; (2) the grafting ligands not only provide three-dimensional adsorption space for high adsorption capacitybut alsofacilitate surface diffusion of protein by chain delivery.

Preparing high-performance microspheres based on the chitosan-assisted dispersion of reduced graphene oxide in aqueous solution for bilirubin removal.

The removal of excess bilirubin from blood is of great clinical importance. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is often used to efficiently remove bilirubin. However, thin rGO pieces tend to aggregate in the aqueous phase because they are hydrophobic.

Tanreqing suppresses the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells by mediating the inactivation of the HIF1α signaling pathway via exosomal circ-WDR78.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as regulators of cancer progression, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tanreqing (TRQ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used clinically for respiratory diseases. RT-qPCR quantified circ-WDR78 expression in NSCLC cells.

Rigid crosslink improves the surface area and porosity of β-cyclodextrin beads for enhanced adsorption of flavonoids.

Many reported β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymers have poor flavonoid adsorption performance due to their low surface area and porosity resulting from the compact stack of the β-CD molecules crosslinked by flexible crosslinkers. Here, we propose a rigid crosslink strategy that uses phytic acid (PA) having rigid cyclic group as crosslinkers, achieving a high-surface-area (61.42-140.

Utilization of an aqueous two-phase emulsification to prepare bimodal porous cellulose monolith for efficient adsorption of bovine serum albumin.

Cellulose monolith has garnered significant interest in the field of biochromatography, which lies in its interconnected porous structure, large surface area and biocompatibility. In this context, we propose a novel approach for preparing cellulose monoliths using an aqueous two-phase system devoid of any organic solvents and surfactants. In this strategy, emulsifying cellulose solution into PEG 20,000 solution gives bicontinuous aqueous phases and further porous cellulose monolith after regeneration of dissolved cellulose.

Humic acid-dependent respiratory growth of Methanosarcina acetivorans involves pyrroloquinoline quinone.

Although microbial humus respiration plays a critical role in organic matter decomposition and biogeochemical cycling of elements in diverse anoxic environments, the role of methane-producing species (methanogens) is not well defined. Here we report that a major fraction of humus, humic acid reduction enhanced the growth of Methanosarcina acetivorans above that attributed to methanogenesis when utilizing the energy sources methanol or acetate, results which showed both respiratory and fermentative modes of energy conservation. Growth characteristics with methanol were the same for an identically cultured mutant deleted for the gene encoding a multi-heme cytochrome c (MmcA), results indicating MmcA is not essential for respiratory electron transport to humic acid.

Respiration-driven methanotrophic growth of diverse marine methanogens.

Anaerobic marine environments are the third largest producer of the greenhouse gas methane. The release to the atmosphere is prevented by anaerobic 'methanotrophic archaea (ANME) dependent on a symbiotic association with sulfate-reducing bacteria or direct reduction of metal oxides. Metagenomic analyses of ANME are consistent with a reverse methanogenesis pathway, although no wild-type isolates have been available for validation and biochemical investigation.

Application of cellulose to chromatographic media: Cellulose dissolution, and media fabrication and derivatization.

As the cornerstone of chromatographic technology, the development of high-performance chromatographic media is a crucial means to enhance the purification efficiency of biological macromolecules. Cellulose is a popular biological separation medium due to its abundant hydroxyl group on the surface, easy modification and, weak non-specific adsorption. In this paper, the development of cellulosic solvent systems, typical preparation methods of cellulosic chromatographic media, and the enhancement of chromatographic properties of cellulosic chromatographic media by polymeric ligand grafting strategies and their mechanism of action are reviewed.

Multi-size optimization of macroporous cellulose beads as protein anion exchangers: Effects of macropore size, protein size, and ligand length.

Multi-size optimization of ion exchangers based on protein characteristics and understanding of underlying mechanism is crucial to achieve maximum separation performance in terms of adsorption capacity and uptake kinetic. Herein, we characterize the effects of three different sizes, macropore size, protein size, and ligand length, on the protein adsorption capacity and uptake kinetic of macroporous cellulose beads, and provide insights into the underlying mechanism. In detail, (1) for smaller bovine serum albumin, macropore size has a negligible effect on the adsorption capacity, while for larger γ-globulin, larger macropores improve the adsorption capacity due to the high accessibility of binding sites; (2) there is a critical pore size (CPZ), at which the adsorption uptake kinetic is minimum.

Medium-long term prognosis prediction for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients based on quantitative analysis of fibrotic lung volume.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of quantitative analysis of CT among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by quantifying the fibrosis extent and to attempt to provide precise medium-long term prognostic predictions for individual patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that included 95 IPF patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. 64 patients firstly diagnosed with IPF from 2009 to 2015 was included as the derivation cohort.

Boronate-immobilized cellulose nanofiber-reinforced cellulose microspheres for pH-dependent adsorption of glycoproteins.

High strength and excellent selectivity are two important aspects of porous cellulose microspheres as adsorbents for protein separation. For this purpose, self-reinforced all-cellulose microspheres (SCMs) with high strength were fabricated using natural cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as fillers and then immobilized via 3-aminophenylboronic acids as affinity ligands for selective enrichment of glycoproteins. In particular, the inherent stiffness of entrapped CNFs endowed SCMs with more inflexibility, because the stress can be efficiently transferred from the network of SCMs to the stiff CNFs during the separation process.

Preparation of cellulose-based chromatographic medium for biological separation: A review.

Cellulose is a kind of renewable linear polysaccharide with good safety, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability and has become a commonly used chromatographic medium for biological separation and purification. The purpose of this paper is to describe the recent developments in the applications of cellulose-based absorbents as chromatographic medium. This review also attempts to explain the current situation of cellulose-based chromatographic medium from the aspects of cellulose dissolution, common strategies for generating spherical particles of cellulose and its derivatives (such as titration, emulsification, microfluidic and other synthesis methods) and improvement of adsorption properties.

Proteinaceous porous nanofiber membrane-type adsorbent derived from amyloid lysozyme protofilaments for highly efficient lead(II) biologic scavenging.

To overcome the technical bottleneck of fine amyloid lysozyme fibrils in environmental engineering, a novel co-operative strategy was identified to fabricate free-standing lysozyme complex nanofibers based membrane-type adsorbent (Lys-CNFs membrane) through a combination of vacuum filtration for lead remediation. The composition of the membrane integrated the linear amyloid protofilaments that were obtained by acid-heating fibrillation and polydopamine that adjusted the fibers' diameters and surface chemistry. As expected, the Lys-CNFs membrane not only showed nanofibrous morphology and layer stacking architecture but presented a hierarchical macro-mesoporous structure along with a high surface area of 220.

Macroporous chitin microspheres prepared by surfactant micelle swelling strategy for rapid capture of lead (II) from wastewater.

Heavy metal pollution of water source continues to be one of the most serious environmental problems which have attracted major global concern. Here, a macroporous chitin microsphere is prepared by surfactant micelle swelling strategy followed by modification with tetraethylenepentamine for Pb removal from wastewater. The resultant adsorbent not only exhibits fast adsorption kinetic (>80% of its equilibrium uptake within 20 min) but also has high adsorption capacity of 218.

Bisphosphonated-immobilized porous cellulose monolith with tentacle grafting by atom transfer radical polymerization for selective adsorption of lysozyme.

Here, a m-xylene bisphosphonate immobilized tentacle-type cellulose monolith (BP-PCM) is prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization for lysozyme purification. In the preparation, the m-xylene bisphosphonate was anchored glycidyl methacrylate and then polymerized to enhance the flexibility of the ligands to improve lysozyme adsorption capacity, and glycerol monomethacrylate serves as spacer to further optimize the layers structure and ligands density of the grafted tentacles for satisfactory adsorption capacity. The maximum static and dynamic adsorption capacity (10% breakthrough) of BP-PCM reach to 169.

Tentacle-type poly(hydroxamic acid)-modified macroporous cellulose beads: Synthesis, characterization, and application for heavy metal ions adsorption.

Herein, a facile yet efficient template method to fabricate macroporous cellulose beads (MCBs) is reported. In this method, micro-size CaCO is utilized to create macroporous structure for fast mass transfer, and tentacle-type poly(hydroxamic acid) as adsorption ligand is immobilized on the MCBs to improve adsorption capacity. The obtained tentacle-type poly(hydroxamic acid)-modified MCMs (TP-CMCBs) show uniform spherical shape (about 80 μm), bimodal pore system (macropores≈3.

Preparation and characterization of highly porous cellulose-agarose composite chromatographic microspheres for enhanced selective separation of histidine-rich proteins.

In this work, the porous cellulose-agarose microspheres with high specific surface area and enhanced mechanical strength are prepared by a novel chemical crosslinking method. The crosslinking reaction homogeneously proceeds between polysaccharides, and the covalent bonding network is generated to replace the inherent hydrogen bonding network of cellulose. The prepared microspheres exhibit low crystallinity of 12.

High-strength, blood-compatible, and high-capacity bilirubin adsorbent based on cellulose-assisted high-quality dispersion of carbon nanotubes.

Excess bilirubin can accumulate in body organs and has serious effects on human health. In this work, a simple engineering strategy, based on cellulose-assisted high-quality dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), is proposed to produce high-performance bilirubin adsorbents. By dispersing cellulose and CNTs in NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution, a homogeneous and stable cellulose/CNTs solution is achieved.

Direct preparation of porous cellulose microspheres via a self-growth process on bamboo fibers and their functionalization for specific adsorption of histidine-rich proteins.

The traditional preparation of cellulose microspheres always involves tedious synthetic procedures (e.g., dissolution, emulsification and regeneration) and inevitable organic solvents, which undergoes both high production cost and environmental contamination.

Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides in milk: In-situ magnetic ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC.

Four novel organic magnetic ionic liquids were synthesized and characterized. A new method of in-situ magnetic ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC was established to simultaneously separate, preconcentrate and determine trace amount of sulfonamides in milk samples for the first time. In this work, extraction procedure was free of volatile organic solvent.

The C-H activated controlled mono- and di-olefination of arenes in ionic liquids at room temperature.

In this study, controlled mono and di-olefination of arenes was first realized at room temperature the C-H bond activation in ionic liquids, probably due to the positive effects of ionic liquids. It is an energy-saving routes in industrial production without the need for heating equipment. Different catalysts were screened, and it was found that [Ru(-cymene)Cl] generated mono-olefinated products predominantly while [Cp*RhCl] selectively gave di-olefinated products.

The construction of porous chitosan microspheres with high specific surface area by using agarose as the pore-forming agent and further functionalized application in bioseparation.

Adsorbents with synchronously high protein adsorption performance and a facile synthetic route are highly desired in protein separation. In this study, a facile yet effective strategy to develop porous chitosan microspheres (PCMs) with high specific surface area (SSA) using agarose as the pore-forming agent is reported. Through heat treatment, the agarose chains in the chitosan/agarose composite microspheres (CAM) were removed, leading to the generation of nanopores/nanochannels and the improvement of SSA.

Reversible Concanavalin A (Con A) ligands immobilization on metal chelated macroporous cellulose monolith and its selective adsorption for glycoproteins.

The present work deals with the development of novel affinity monolith with reversible protein ligands for protein chromatography. As for the formation of reversible ligands, Concanavalin A (Con A) is chelated with Cu(II)-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) immobilized macroporous cellulose monolith (MCM) for glycoprotein adsorption. The reversible immobilization is realized by Cu ions, which bridge affinity ligands and support by strong chelation interaction.

Ionic liquid-regenerated macroporous cellulose monolith: Fabrication, characterization and its protein chromatography.

Macroporous cellulose monolith as chromatographic support was successfully fabricated from an ionic liquid dissolved cellulose solution by an emulsification method and followed by the cross-linking reaction and DEAE modification. With the physical characterization, the cellulose monolith featured by both the interconnected macropores in range of 0.5-2.