Effects of a color gradient and emoji in AR-HUD warning interfaces in autonomous vehicles on takeover performance and driver emotions.

Objective: This study examined the effects of color gradients and emojis in an augmented reality-head-up display (AR-HUD) warning interface on driver emotions and takeover performance.

Methods: A total of 48 participants were grouped into four different warning interfaces for a simulated self-driving takeover experiment. Two-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze takeover time, mood, task load, and system availability.

Targeted mutagenesis of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes reveals functional divergence in seed coat colour, oil content and fatty acid composition in Brassica napus L.

Yellow-seed is widely accepted as a good-quality trait in Brassica crops. Previous studies have shown that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway is essential for the development of seed colour, but its function in Brassica napus, an important oil crop, is poorly understood. To systematically explore the gene functions of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in rapeseed, several representative TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) genes, including three structural genes (BnaTT7, BnaTT18, BnaTT10), two regulatory genes (BnaTT1, BnaTT2) and a transporter (BnaTT12), were selected for targeted mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 in the present study.

Targeted mutagenesis of leads to abnormal shoot apex development and cotyledon petiole fusion at the seedling stage in L.

The Arabidopsis homeodomain transcription factor () is crucial for shoot apical meristem (SAM) function, which cooperates with () () feedback regulation loops to maintain the homeostasis of stem cells in SAM. also interacts with the boundary genes to regulate the tissue boundary formation. However, there are still few studies on the function of in , an important oil crop.

Influence of Multi-Modal Warning Interface on Takeover Efficiency of Autonomous High-Speed Train.

As a large-scale public transport mode, the driving safety of high-speed rail has a profound impact on public health. In this study, we determined the most efficient multi-modal warning interface for automatic driving of a high-speed train and put forward suggestions for optimization and improvement. Forty-eight participants were selected, and a simulated 350 km/h high-speed train driving experiment equipped with a multi-modal warning interface was carried out.

Precise A∙T to G∙C base editing in the allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genome.

Rapeseed is an important source of oilseed crop in the world. Achieving genetic improvement has always been the major goal in rapeseed production. Single nucleotide substitution is the basis of most genetic variation underpinning important agronomic traits.

Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Carotenoid Isomerase Gene Alters the Color of Petals and Leaves in L.

The diversity of petal and leaf color can improve the ornamental value of rapeseed and promote the development of agriculture and tourism. The two copies of carotenoid isomerase gene () in ( and ) was edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the present study. The mutation phenotype of creamy white petals and yellowish leaves could be recovered only in targeted mutants of both functional copies, indicating that the redundant roles of and are vital for the regulation of petal and leaf color.

Precision Genome Engineering Through Cytidine Base Editing in Rapeseed (. L).

Rapeseed is one of the world's most important sources of oilseed crops. Single nucleotide substitution is the basis of most genetic variation underpinning important agronomic traits. Therefore, genome-wide and target-specific base editing will greatly facilitate precision plant molecular breeding.

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of a major locus controlling ovule abortion and seed number per silique in Brassica napus L.

A major QTL controlling ovule abortion and SN was fine-mapped to a 80.1-kb region on A8 in rapeseed, and BnaA08g07940D and BnaA08g07950D are the most likely candidate genes. The seed number per silique (SN), an important yield determining trait of rapeseed, is the final consequence of a complex developmental process including ovule initiation and the subsequent ovule/seed development.

Targeted mutagenesis of BnTT8 homologs controls yellow seed coat development for effective oil production in Brassica napus L.

Yellow seed is a desirable trait with great potential for improving seed quality in Brassica crops. Unfortunately, no natural or induced yellow seed germplasms have been found in Brassica napus, an important oil crop, which likely reflects its genome complexity and the difficulty of the simultaneous random mutagenesis of multiple gene copies with functional redundancy. Here, we demonstrate the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 for creating yellow-seeded mutants in rapeseed.