Effects of different additives on fermentation quality, mycotoxin concentrations, and microbial communities in high-moisture corn kernels during wet storage.

Introduction: The moisture content of corn kernels at harvest in China is relatively high, and wet storage effectively preserves high-moisture corn kernels. However, ensuring effective fermentation during storage is crucial.

Methods: To address this, we systematically investigated the variations in fermentation quality, mycotoxin concentrations, and microbial community composition under different additive treatments.

Differences and Mechanism of Waxy Corn Starch and Normal Corn Starch in the Preparation of Recrystallized Resistant Starch (RS3).

This study prepared resistant starch (RS) from waxy corn starch and normal corn starch and analyzed the effects of its molecular and microstructural characteristics on RS content. The RS content of waxy corn resistant starch (RS-WCS) was highest at 57.8%, whereas that of normal corn resistant starch (RS-NCS) was 41.

[Effect of No-tillage on Soil Aggregates in Farmland：A Meta Analysis].

In order to clarify the impact of no-tillage on the quality of farmland soil aggregates in China and promote the adaptive application of no-tillage practices， a Meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from 116 published studies. The effects of no-tillage on aggregate size distribution， mean weight diameter （MWD）， and aggregate-associated C were studied. The results showed that compared with that under tillage， no-tillage significantly increased the proportion of macroaggregates （10.

[Effect of Biochar on Agricultural Soil Aggregates and Organic Carbon: A Meta-analysis].

As a soil amendment, biochar has been widely used to ameliorate agricultural soil. To ensure the effect of biochar on the carbon sequestration of farmlands in China, a Meta-analysis was carried out via collecting published literatures. We quantitatively analyzed the response of biochar application to soil aggregates, aggregate carbon, and soil organic carbon to different experimental conditions.

[Structure and Function of Soil Fungal Community in Rotation Fallow Farmland in Alluvial Plain of Lower Yellow River].

This study was conducted to clarify the structure and function of the fungal community and the microecology change characteristics of farmland soil fertility response to different fallow rotation patterns. It aimed to provide a reference for promoting farmland ecological restoration and farmland quality improvement in the alluvial plain of the lower Yellow River. Farmland soil subject to a long-term rotation fallow experiment since 2018 was studied using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, and the 'FUNGuild' fungal function prediction tool was used to analyze differences in soil fungal community structure and function under the following four rotation fallow regimes: long fallow (LF), winter wheat and summer fallow (WF), winter fallow and summer maize (FM), and annual rotation of winter wheat and summer maize (WM).

[Optimizing Straw Management to Enhance Carbon and Nitrogen Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping System].

The optimization of annual straw management can improve the yield, income, and carbon and nitrogen efficiency of wheat-maize double cropping systems. Based on a long-term positioning trial started in 2012, five straw management methods were considered, C100 (100% return), C75 (75% return+25% harvest), C50 (50% return+50% harvest), C25 (25% return+75% harvest), and C0 (100% harvest). We analyzed the effects of farmland carbon and nitrogen inputs and their ratios on crop yield, carbon and nitrogen use efficiency, and economic benefits in wheat and maize anniversaries with different straw managements.

Interaction Effects of Nitrogen Rates and Forms Combined With and Without Zinc Supply on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Maize Seedlings.

Previous studies have shown that zinc (Zn) accumulation in shoot and grain increased as applied nitrogen (N) rate increased only when Zn supply was not limiting, suggesting a synergistic effect of N on plant Zn accumulation. However, little information is available about the effects of different mineral N sources combined with the presence or absence of Zn on the growth of both shoot and root and nutrient uptake. Maize plants were grown under sand-cultured conditions at three N forms as follows: NO nutrition alone, mixture of NO /NH with molar ratio of 1:1 (recorded as mixed-N), and NH nutrition alone including zero N supply as the control.

[Characteristics of Bacterial Community Structure in Fluvo-aquic Soil Under Different Rotation Fallow].

The aim of this study was to provide a reference for promoting ecological restoration of farmland and the green development of agriculture in the alluvial plain of the lower Yellow River by determining the effects of different rotation fallow patterns on the bacterial community of the fluvo-aquic soil. Farmland soil subject to a long-term rotation fallow experiment since 2018 was studied using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, and the 'Tax4Fun' bacterial function prediction tool was used to analyze differences in soil bacterial community structure and function under the following four rotation fallow regimes:long fallow(LF), winter wheat and summer fallow(WF), winter fallow and summer maize(FM), and annual rotation of winter wheat and summer maize(WM). The environmental factors affecting changes in the soil bacterial community structure and function were also analyzed.

Texture and bio-functional characteristics of a Chinese steamed bread prepared from lotus root powder partially replacing wheat flour.

Making low GI of the Chinese steamed bread (CSB) with acceptable eating quality is a challenge. A CSB prepared from wheat flour partially substituted by lotus root powder (LRP) showed good prospects. RVA profile and texture profile were determined to evaluate the texture, while animal test were used to confirm the bio-functional attributes.

Characterization of the Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Wheat Breeding Line KN0816 and Its Evaluation in Marker-Assisted Selection.

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by (DC.) Speer f. sp.

Systematic analysis of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation posttranslational modification in wheat leaves.

Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a recently discovered post-translational modification (PTM) showing diverse biological functions and effects in living organisms. However, the study of Khib in plant species is still relatively limited. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Diagnostic Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR Markers of Wheat Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes , , and Developed for High-Throughput Marker-Assisted Selection.

Wheat powdery mildew is a devastating disease that seriously threatens yield worldwide. Utilization of host resistance is considered an effective strategy to minimize powdery mildew damage. , , and confer broad-spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew in China, of which and are allelic genes derived from the 6VS chromosome of , and is derived from the 6SS chromosome of and most likely orthologous to the former two genes.

Phenolics and related in vitro functional activities of different varieties of fresh waxy corn: a whole grain.

The polyphenol distribution in fresh waxy corns of different color varieties and their functional activities, which may be useful for treating various chronic diseases, were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activity, and hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of the free and bound corn phenolics were determined to evaluate the edible value of fresh waxy corn. The colored varieties contained more phenols than the common varieties (white and/or yellow).

Nitrogen increases drought tolerance in maize seedlings.

Drought and nitrogen availability are two important environmental factors that affect plant growth and the global distribution of plants. We examined the effect of nitrogen on PSII in the leaves of maize seedlings under drought stress using three nitrogen concentrations (0.5, 7.

Transcriptome analysis of maize inbred lines differing in drought tolerance provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of drought responses in roots.

Maize (Zea mays) is an important food and forage crop, as well as an industrial raw material, that plays important roles in agriculture and national economies. Drought stress has negative effects on seed germination and seedling growth, and it decreases crop production. In this study, we selected two maize inbred lines with different drought-tolerance levels: drought-tolerant 287M and drought-sensitive 753F.

Driving forces of disaggregation and reaggregation of peanut protein isolates in aqueous dispersion induced by high-pressure microfluidization.

Our previous report described that high-pressure microfluidization (HPM) treatment can disaggregate peanut protein isolates (PPIs) to prepare antihypertensive peptide fractions. In the present study, we investigated the driving forces of disaggregation and reaggregation of PPIs in aqueous dispersion induced by HPM treatment and discussed the mechanism. The driving forces of hydrogen bonds, surface hydrophobicity, sulfhydryl/disulfide bonds (SH/SS) and ζ-potential, which are responsible for disaggregation and reaggregation, were studied.

[Effect of sulfate supply level on characteristics of N and S metabolism and on root vigor of corn].

The effects of different sulfate supply level on N and S metabolism and on root vigor of corn were quantitatively studied with Hoagland solution under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that in S-deficient solution, root vigor and leaf nitrate reductase (NR) activity significantly rdduced, top root ratio (T/R) increased, and S and N accumulation in tops and roots decreased. The partition of S decreased in roots and incompletely expanded leaves, but increased in senescent leaves and sheaths-stems; while the partition of N increased in roots, but decreased in incompletely and fully expanded leaves.