Enhanced expression of RAGE/NADPH oxidase signaling pathway and increased level of oxidative stress in brains of rats with chronic fluorosis and the protective effects of blockers.

This investigation was designed to examine the potential involvement of RAGE/NADPH oxidase signaling in the damage to the brain caused by chronic fluorosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 9 groups each containing 20 animals, Controls (C); rats receiving low (i.e.

Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A meta-analysis of different dosing regimens.

The appropriate dosing regimens of secukinumab for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are not well defined. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different dosing regimens of secukinumab in the treatment of PsA. A systematic search was conducted using major electronic databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing secukinumab 300 mg versus secukinumab 150 mg in patients with PsA.

GCH1 variants contribute to the risk and earlier age-at-onset of Parkinson's disease: a two-cohort case-control study.

Background: Common and rare variants of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) gene may play important roles in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of GCH1 genotypes, especially in non-coding regions. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic characteristics of GCH1, including rare and common variants in coding and non-coding regions, in a large population of PD patients in Chinese mainland, as well as the phenotypic characteristics of GCH1 variant carriers.

Familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is associated with mutations in the KCNA1 gene.

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is a heterogeneous movement disorder characterized by recurrent dyskinesia attacks triggered by sudden movement. PRRT2 has been identified as the first causative gene of PKD. However, it is only responsible for approximately half of affected individuals, indicating that other loci are most likely involved in the etiology of this disorder.

SUMO-specific protease 2-mediated deSUMOylation is required for NDRG2 stabilization in gastric cancer cells.

N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is frequently down-regulated in various cancers and functions as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. NDRG2 has been shown to be SUMOylated on the lysine 333 residue, which promoted its ubiquitination and sequentially degradation by the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF4. However, how to regulated NDRG2 deSUMOylation process remains largely unknown.

Activation of the AGE/RAGE system in the brains of rats and in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to high level of fluoride might connect to oxidative stress.

To explore the mechanisms by which chronic fluorosis damages the brain, we determined the levels of the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), the receptor for AGE (RAGE), NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brains of rats and/or SH-SY5Y cells exposed to different levels of sodium fluoride (5 or 50 ppm in the drinking water for 3 or 6 months and in the incubation medium for as long as 48 h, respectively). The levels of AGEs, RAGE and NOX2 protein and mRNA were measured by an Elisa assay, Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. The ROS content was assessed by fluorescein staining and MDA by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance assay.

[Influence of chronic fluorosis on the expression of mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related 1 in the cortical neurons of rats].

Objective: To explore the changes of protein expression of mitochondrial fission gene dynamin-related 1(Drp 1) in the cortical neurons of rats with chronic fluorosis.

Methods: A total of 120 one-month-old SD rats (each weighing approximately 100-120 g at the beginning of the experiment) were randomly divided into three groups, and fed with the different doses of fluoride containing in drinking water (untreated control containing 0 mg/L fluoride, and low-fluoride & high-fluoride supplemented with 10 and 50 mg/L fluoride,respectively). After 3 or 6 months exposure, 20 rats from each group were killed.

[Changed expression of mito-fusion 1 and mitochondrial fragmentation in the cortical neurons of rats with chronic fluorosis].

Objective: To observe the mitochondrial fragmentation and the expression of mito-fusion 1 gene in the cortical neurons of rats with chronic fluorosis, and to reveal their roles in mitochondria damage to neurons due to chronic fluorosis.

Methods: SD rats were divided randomly into three groups of 20 each (a half females and a half males housed individually in stainless-steel cages), and fed with the different doses of fluoride containing in drinking water (untreated control containing 0 mg/L fluoride, and low-fluoride and high supplemented with 10 and 50 mg/L fluoride, respectively). After 3 or 6 months exposure, the mitochondrial morphology of the neurons in rat brains were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), then the expression of mitochondrial fusion gene, Mfn1, were detected by immunohistochemistry and western-blotting, respectively.

[Alteration of mitochondrial distribution and gene expression of fission 1 protein in cortical neurons of rats with chronic fluorosis].

Objective: To investigate the changes of mitochondrial distribution in axon/soma and the expression of mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1) protein in the cortical neurons of rats with chronic fluorosis.

Methods: Sixty SD rats were divided into 3 groups (20 each) according to weight hierarchy and fed with different concentrations of fluoride in drinking water (0, 10 and 50 mg/L, respectively) for 6 months. Images of mitochondria and tubulin labeled by immunofluorescence COXIV and tubulin-α were captured with fluorescence microscope.

Low-altitude atmospheric wind measurement from the combined Mie and Rayleigh backscattering by Doppler lidar with an iodine filter.

This paper briefly discusses the mobile ground-based incoherent Doppler wind lidar system, with iodine filters as receiving frequency discriminators, developed by the Ocean Remote Sensing Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, China. The presented result of wind profiles in October and November 2000, retrieved from the combined Mie and Rayleigh backscattering, is the first report to our knowledge of wind measurements in the troposphere by such a system, where the required independent measurement of aerosol-scattering ratio can also be performed. A second iodine vapor filter was used to lock the laser to absolute frequency reference for both wind and aerosol-scattering ratio measurements.