Risk Factors of Perioperative Brain Injury in Children Under Two Years Undergoing Coarctation Repair.

Background: To investigate clinical manifestations and factors of perioperative brain injury (PBI) after surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) combined with other heart malformations under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children under two years.

Methods: The clinical data of 100 children undergoing CoA repair were retrospectively reviewed between January 2010 and September 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors of PBI development.

Meditation Using a Mobile App Improves Surgery Trainee Performance: A Simulation-Based Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To primarily investigate: (1) whether a 10-minute instant meditation practice using a mobile app could enhance arthroscopy performance and (2) whether a 10-day app-based meditation could reduce short-term arthroscopic skills deterioration.

Methods: Orthopaedic residents with no previous experience in arthroscopy and meditation were randomly assigned to groups A, B, and C. After initial standard competency-based arthroscopy training on the simulator on day 1, a pretest was performed via the simulator by all participants to assess their initial level of performance, then groups A and B were required to practice app-based mindfulness meditation 10 min/day for 10 consecutive days while group C did nothing.

Learning and Short-Term Retention of Simulation-Based Arthroscopic Skills.

Objective: The study aimed to examine the learning curve and short-term retention of arthroscopic skills acquired on a simulator.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Clinical Skills Training Center of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University PARTICIPANT AND METHODS: Orthopaedic residents (n = 14) without previous arthroscopy experience were included.

The frequency of assessment tools in arthroscopic training: a systematic review.

Background: Multiple assessment tools are used in arthroscopic training and play an important role in feedback. However, it is not fully recognized as to the standard way to apply these tools. Our study aimed to investigate the use of assessment tools in arthroscopic training and determine whether there is an optimal way to apply various assessment tools in arthroscopic training.

Comparative Mitochondrial Analysis of Cnaphalocrocis exigua (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Its Close Relative C. medinalis.

Rice leaffolders are important pests on rice in Asia, Oceania, and Africa, causing serious loss to rice production. There are two main rice leaffolders in China, namely Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) and C. exigua (Butler) with the former having the ability of long-distance migration.

Simulation-Based Arthroscopic Skills Using a Spaced Retraining Schedule Reduces Short-Term Task Completion Time and Camera Path Length.

Purpose: To investigate whether acquiring basic knee arthroscopic skills via a spaced retraining schedule could prevent skills deterioration and achieve further skills improvement.

Methods: In the learning phase, 16 residents with no previous hands-on experience in practicing arthroscopic skills were asked to perform basic arthroscopic tasks on a simulator until they attained perfect scores in each task. Immediately after completing the learning phase, a pretest was performed to assess their performance.

Genomic Analysis of Wolbachia from Laodelphax striatellus (Delphacidae, Hemiptera) Reveals Insights into Its "Jekyll and Hyde" Mode of Infection Pattern.

Wolbachia is a widely distributed intracellular bacterial endosymbiont among invertebrates. The wStriCN, the Wolbachia strain that naturally infects an agricultural pest Laodelphax striatellus, has a "Jekyll and Hyde" mode of infection pattern with positive and negative effects: It not only kills many offspring by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) but also significantly increases host fecundity. In this study, we assembled the draft genome of wStriCN and compared it with other Wolbachia genomes to look for clues to its Jekyll and Hyde characteristics.

Wolbachia supplement biotin and riboflavin to enhance reproduction in planthoppers.

Symbiont-mediated nutritional mutualisms can contribute to the host fitness of insects, especially for those that feed exclusively on nutritionally unbalanced diets. Here, we elucidate the importance of B group vitamins in the association of endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia with two plant-sap feeding insects, the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), and the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Infected planthoppers of both species laid more eggs than uninfected planthoppers, while the experimental transfer of Wolbachia into uninfected lines of one planthopper species rescued this fecundity deficit.

Identification of -Responsive miRNAs in the Small Brown Planthopper, .

is naturally infected with the strain Stri, which induces strong cytoplasmic incompatibility of its host. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs that play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level in various biological processes. Despite various studies reporting that affects the miRNA expression of their hosts, the molecular mechanism underlying interactions between and their host miRNAs has not been well understood.

Multi-terrane structure controls the contrasting lithospheric evolution beneath the western and central-eastern Tibetan plateau.

The Tibetan plateau is manifested by contrasting along-strike lithospheric structures, but its formation mechanism and the relationship with the heterogeneous multi-terrane configuration is a challenging problem. Here we conduct systematic numerical modeling to explore the roles of width, density, and rheological properties of the multiple terranes in the lithospheric evolution of the Tibetan plateau, which reveals two distinct collision modes. In Mode-I, the lithospheric mantles of both the strong and weak terranes in the Tibetan plate are completely detached, followed by the underthrusting of Indian lithosphere beneath the whole plateau.

Newly discovered Late Triassic Baqing eclogite in central Tibet indicates an anticlockwise West-East Qiangtang collision.

The Triassic eclogite-bearing central Qiangtang metamorphic belt (CQMB) in the northern Tibetan Plateau has been debated whether it is a metamorphic core complex underthrust from the Jinsha Paleo-Tethys or an in-situ Shuanghu suture. The CQMB is thus a key issue to elucidate the crustal architecture of the northern Tibetan Plateau, the tectonics of the eastern Tethys, and the petrogenesis of Cenozoic high-K magmatism. We here report the newly discovered Baqing eclogite along the eastern extension of the CQMB near the Baqing town, central Tibet.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Bactrocera diaphora (Diptera: Tephtitidae).

We sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Bactrocera diaphora (Diptera: Tephtitidae), which is an economically important pest in the southwest area of China, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Malaysia. This mitogenome is 15 890 bp in length with an A + T content of 74.103%, and contains 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes that are arranged in the same order as that of the inferred ancestral insects.

Identification of Wolbachia-responsive microRNAs in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae.

Background: The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is infected with Wolbachia, which have the ability to manipulate host reproduction and fitness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in many biological processes such as development, reproduction and host-pathogen interactions. Although miRNA was observed to involve in Wolbachia-host interactions in the other insect systems, its roles have not been fully deciphered in the two-spotted spider mite.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of six species of Tetranychus provide insights into the phylogeny and evolution of spider mites.

Many spider mites belonging to the genus Tetranychus are of agronomical importance. With limited morphological characters, Tetranychus mites are usually identified by a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular diagnostics. To clarify their molecular evolution and phylogeny, the mitochondrial genomes of the green and red forms of Tetranychus urticae as well as T.

Wolbachia play an important role in affecting mtDNA variation of Tetranychus truncatus (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae).

The prevalence of the endosymbiont Wolbachia and its effects on mitochondria variation were analyzed in seven natural populations of Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) in current study. Five Wolbachia strains (wtru1, wtru5, wtru7, wtru8, and wtru12) were detected based on the surface protein of Wolbachia (wsp) sequence data and the multiple locus sequences typing data, suggesting that multiple separate invasions have occurred. Part of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene was sequenced from infected individuals revealing 10 different haplotypes.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and a comparative mitogenomic analysis of three predominant rice planthoppers.

The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is one of the most destructive pests of rice crops in many Asian countries. Using long-PCR and shotgun library methods, we sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes (mt-genomes) of two WBPH individuals. Total lengths of the mt-genome of the two WBPH individuals were 16,612 bp and 16,654 bp with an identical AT content of 76.

Various infection status and molecular evidence for horizontal transmission and recombination of Wolbachia and Cardinium among rice planthoppers and related species.

Wolbachia and Cardinium are widely distributed and are considered important for their ability to disturb reproduction and affect other fitness-related traits of their hosts. By using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing methods, we extensively surveyed Wolbachia and Cardinium infection status of four predominant rice planthoppers and one kind of leafhopper in different rice fields. The results demonstrated that Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) were infected with the same Wolbachia strain (wStri), while Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and its closely related species Nilaparvata muiri China were infected with two phylogeneticlly distant strains, wLug and wMui, respectively.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Laodelphax striatellus: conserved genome rearrangement in Delphacidae and discovery of new characteristics of atp8 and tRNA genes.

Background: Nilaparvata lugens (the brown planthopper, BPH) and Laodelphax striatellus (the small brown planthopper, SBPH) are two of the most important pests of rice. Up to now, there was only one mitochondrial genome of rice planthopper has been sequenced and very few dependable information of mitochondria could be used for research on population genetics, phylogeographics and phylogenetic evolution of these pests. To get more valuable information from the mitochondria, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of BPH and SBPH.

Diversity of Wolbachia in natural populations of spider mites (genus Tetranychus): evidence for complex infection history and disequilibrium distribution.

Wolbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria that commonly infect arthropods and cause reproductive disorders in host. Within several Tetranychus species, Wolbachia have been detected and shown to affect their reproduction. However, little is known about their transmission and distribution patterns in natural populations of Tetranychus species.

Wolbachia strengthens cardinium-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in the spider mite Tetranychus piercei McGregor.

Wolbachia and Cardinium are maternally inherited intracellular bacteria that can manipulate the reproduction of their arthropod hosts, such as by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Although the reproductive alteration induced by Wolbachia or Cardinium have been well investigated, the effects of these two endosymbionts co-infecting the same host are poorly understood. We found that Tetranychus piercei McGregor is naturally infected with Wolbachia and Cardinium.

Tripartite associations among bacteriophage WO, Wolbachia, and host affected by temperature and age in Tetranychus urticae.

A phage density model of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which means lytic phages reduce bacterial density associated with CI, significantly enhances our understanding of the tripartite associations among bacteriophage WO, Wolbachia and host. However, WO may alternate between lytic and lysogenic life cycles or change phage production under certain conditions including temperature, host age and host species background. Here, extreme temperatures can induce an alteration in the life cycle of WO and change the tripartite associations among WO, Wolbachia and CI.

Population dynamics of noncytoplasmic incompatibility-inducing Wolbachia in Nilaparvata lugens and its effects on host adult life span and female fitness.

Wolbachia are bacteria that live intracellularly in a wide variety of arthropods. They are maternally inherited and can affect both reproduction and fitness of its host. When infected males mate with uninfected females or females infected by a different Wolbachia strain, there is often a failure of karyogamy, which is usually attributed to cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI).

Expression characteristics of heparanase in colon carcinoma and its close relationship with cyclooxygenase-2 and angiogenesis.

Background/aims: Heparanase (HPA) influences tumourigenesis and tumour progression by various mechanisms, including angiogenesis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was strongly correlated with microvessel density, and that COX-2 expression is up-regulated by HPA in esophageal cancer. In this study, we examined the relationship between HPA expression and that of COX-2 in colon carcinoma.

[Expression of human pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 in colorectal cancer detected with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and its clinical significance].

Background & Objective: Although human pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (hPTTG1) is overexpressed in malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer, its correlation to clinicopathologic parameters and its value in diagnosis and prognosis prediction of colorectal cancer are still not clear. We investigated the expression of hPTTG1 in colorectal cancer tissues, and elucidated its correlation to some clinicopathologic parameters of colorectal cancer.

Methods: The expression of hPTTG1 in 60 specimens of colorectal cancer and corresponding noncancerous tissues were examined with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and its correlation to seven clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed.

[Use of 99mTc-survivin antisense oligonucleotide in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: an experiment with mice].

Objective: To investigate the possibility of using survivin antisense oligonucleotide (ASON) labeled with radionuclide technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice bearing human hepatoma.

Methods: A 18 mer single-stranded survivin ASON sequence was synthesized and linked with a primary amine on the 5'-end. Survivin ASON was labeled with (99m)Tc by conjugating the chelator, S-acetyl-NHS-MAG3 (mercaptoacetyltriglycine).