Genome-wide association study identifies quantitative trait loci affecting cattle temperament.

Cattle temperament is an interesting trait due to its correlation with production efficiency, labor safety, and animal welfare. To date, however, its genetic basis is not clearly understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study for a series of temperament traits in cattle, assessed with via open field and novel object tests, using autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from the whole-genome sequence.

Large-scale genomic analysis reveals the genetic cost of chicken domestication.

Background: Species domestication is generally characterized by the exploitation of high-impact mutations through processes that involve complex shifting demographics of domesticated species. These include not only inbreeding and artificial selection that may lead to the emergence of evolutionary bottlenecks, but also post-divergence gene flow and introgression. Although domestication potentially affects the occurrence of both desired and undesired mutations, the way wild relatives of domesticated species evolve and how expensive the genetic cost underlying domestication is remain poorly understood.

Draft genome of the gayal, Bos frontalis.

Gayal (Bos frontalis), also known as mithan or mithun, is a large endangered semi-domesticated bovine that has a limited geographical distribution in the hill-forests of China, Northeast India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Bhutan. Many questions about the gayal such as its origin, population history, and genetic basis of local adaptation remain largely unresolved. De novo sequencing and assembly of the whole gayal genome provides an opportunity to address these issues.

Genetic differentiations between randomly and selectively bred pig populations in Yunnan, China.

To assess the genetic diversity between randomly and selectively bred populations, we sequenced 438 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region from 102 pigs. These samples represented four native pig breeds, one nucleus and one conservation herd from Yunnan, China. Twenty haplotypes with sixteen polymorphic sites were identified.

Population phylogenomic analysis of mitochondrial DNA in wild boars and domestic pigs revealed multiple domestication events in East Asia.

Background: Previously reported evidence indicates that pigs were independently domesticated in multiple places throughout the world. However, a detailed picture of the origin and dispersal of domestic pigs in East Asia has not yet been reported.

Results: Population phylogenomic analysis was conducted in domestic pigs and wild boars by screening the haplogroup-specific mutation motifs inferred from a phylogenetic tree of pig complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences.

[Genetic diversity and population structure of BMY and brahman cattle revealed by six microsatellite loci].

The genetic variations and polymorphisms of six microsatellite loci were analyzed to determine the population structure and breeding progress of BMY and Brahman cattle. The range of polymorphic information content of six loci was 0.524-0.

[Primary analysis of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region sequence in Baoshan pig].

To investigate the genetic diversity and genetic data of Baoshan pig in Yunnan province,the mitochondrial DNA D-loop hypervariable segment I sequences 15 363 approximately 15 801 (438 bp) in 19 individuals of Baoshan pig were sequenced. Ten mitochondrial haplotypes were identified in the samples, with 8 sites showing polymorphism, which were 5 T/C and 1 G/A transitions, 1 G/C and 1 A/T transversions. The contents of A,T,G and C were 35.