Application of the modified lower extremity functional scale in low back pain.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Objective: We sought to test the psychometric properties of the modified lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) for low back pain (LBP).

Summary Of Background Data: Low back and lower extremities are anatomically and functionally related, and radiating leg pain is common among patients with LBP.

Synthesis of amino core compounds of galactosyl phytosyl ceramide analogs for developing iNKT-cell inducers.

1-Aminophytosphingosine and 6-aminogalactosyl phytosphingosine were prepared in 61% and 40% yield libraries with 44 carboxylic acids showed that a 4-butylbenzoic acid-derived product exe, respectively. Glycosylation using benzoyl-protected lipid resulted in better a-selectivity for ceramide analogs, but the yield was less than that obtained with benzyl moieties. Screening the amide rted less cytotoxicity.