Functions and mechanisms of cytosolic phospholipase A in central nervous system trauma.

Central nervous system (CNS) trauma, including traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, has a high rate of disability and mortality, and effective treatment is currently lacking. Previous studies have revealed that neural inflammation plays a vital role in CNS trauma. As the initial enzyme in neuroinflammation, cytosolic phospholipase A (cPLA2) can hydrolyze membranous phosphatides at the sn-2 position in a preferential way to release lysophospholipids and ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acid dominated by arachidonic acid, thereby inducing secondary injuries.

Minimally invasive surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis: transforaminal or oblique lumbar interbody fusion.

To compare the outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for degenerative spondylolisthesis transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF). The clinical and surgical characteristics and outcomes of 38 patients with MIS-OLIF and 55 with MIS-TLIF were retrospectively evaluated. Procedures and hospital stay were shorter and blood loss was less, with MIS-OLIF than with MIS-OLIF.

Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan-induced B10 cells decrease severity of dextran sodium sulphate-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, non-specific, inflammatory gastrointestinal disease that mainly consists of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD are still unclear. B10 (IL-10 producing regulatory B) cells, a subset of regulatory B cells, are known to contribute to intestinal homeostasis and the aberrant frequency of B10 cells is associated with IBD.

Mycobacterial mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan: a modulator bridging innate and adaptive immunity.

Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) is a high molecular mass amphipathic lipoglycan identified in pathogenic () and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). ManLAM, serves as both an immunogen and a modulator of the host immune system, and its critical role in mycobacterial survival during infection has been well-characterized. ManLAM can be recognized by various types of receptors on both innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer T (NKT) cells, T cells and B cells.

Effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate on random skin flap survival in rats: An experimental study.

Partial necrosis of skin flaps continues to restrict the survival of local skin flaps following plastic and reconstructive surgeries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a salt of glycyrrhetinic acid that has been widely used in the therapy of chronic hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection, on random skin flap survival in rats. McFarlane flaps were established in 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into three groups.

Effects of calcitriol on random skin flap survival in rats.

Calcitriol, a metabolite of vitamin D, is often used in osteoporosis clinics. However, the material has other bioactivities; for example, it accelerates angiogenesis, has anti-inflammatory properties, and inhibits oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of calcitriol in a random skin flap rat model.

A Computed Tomographic Morphometric Study of the Pediatric Occipital Bone Thickness: Implications for Pediatric Occipitocervical Fusion.

Study Design: This study is a computed tomographic-based morphometric analysis of the pediatric occipital bones as related to pediatric occipitocervical fusion.

Objective: To quantify reference data concerning the thicknesses of the immature occipital bones to guide the pediatric occipitocervical fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: To the best of our knowledge, no published study has provided insight into the thicknesses of pediatric occiputs with different age groups.

Stimulation of autophagy promotes functional recovery in diabetic rats with spinal cord injury.

In this study we examined the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in diabetic rats after spinal cord injury (SCI), also we determined the role of autophagy in diabetes-aggravated neurological injury in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that diabetes decreased the survival of neurons, promoted astrocytes proliferation, increased inflammatory cells infiltration and inhibited functional recovery after SCI. Diabetes was shown to confer increased activation of apoptotic pathways, along with an increase in autophagy; similar effects were also observed in vitro in neuronal PC12 cells.

[Progress on the role of autophagy in spinal cord injury].

In recent years, the study of autophagy in spinal cord injury (SCI) gradually becomes the hot spot. However, the function of autophagy in the injured spinal cord is still controversial. In order to further understand the role of autophagy after SCI, we summarized the activation of autophagy, autophagic cell death, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, the function of autophagy in promoting the molecular metabolism and the role of autophagy after spinal cord injury.