Prospective Cytokine Profiling in Aqueous Humor Reveals a Proinflammatory Microenvironment in Highly Dense Nuclear Cataracts.

Purpose: To investigate if the cytokine profile in the aqueous humor (AH) of cataract patients varies according to cataract type and severity.

Methods: This prospective study included 397 eyes of 397 patients (median age, 76 years; range, 30-94 years) who underwent standard small-incision phacoemulsification surgery. Cataracts were graded using the LOCS III system: mild (≤3), moderate (3.

Multi-omic Characterization of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Relates CXCR4 mRNA Expression Levels to Potential Clinical Targets.

Purpose: Chemokines are essential for immune cell trafficking and are considered to have a major impact on the composition of the tumor microenvironment. CX-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is associated with poor differentiation, metastasis, and prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study provides a comprehensive molecular portrait of PDAC according to CXCR4 mRNA expression levels.

Comprehensive Analysis of R-Spondin Fusions and RNF43 Mutations Implicate Novel Therapeutic Options in Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: Gene fusions involving R-spondin (RSPOfp) and RNF43 mutations have been shown to drive Wnt-dependent tumor initiation in colorectal cancer. Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular features of RSPOfp/RNF43 mutated (mut) compared with wild-type (WT) colorectal cancers to gain insights into potential rationales for therapeutic strategies.

Experimental Design: A discovery cohort was classified for RSPOfp/RNF43 status using DNA/RNA sequencing and IHC.

Targeting BRCA and DNA Damage Repair Genes in GI Cancers: Pathophysiology and Clinical Perspectives.

Mutated germline alleles in the DNA damage repair (DDR) genes "breast cancer gene 1" () and have originally been identified as major susceptibility genes in breast and ovarian cancers. With the establishment and approval of more cost-effective gene sequencing methods, germline and somatic mutations have been detected in several cancers. Since the approval of poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) for mutated cancers, mutations gained rising therapeutic implications.

Molecular characteristics of and mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are successfully used for treatment of mutated (mut) breast cancers and are under extensive evaluation for and mutated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the optimal treatment regimen for -mutated PDCA has yet to be established. Moreover, limited data are available on the association of gene alterations with other comutations and immunological biomarkers.

-Mutated Colorectal Cancer Is Characterized by a Distinct Genetic Phenotype.

Werner syndrome gene () contributes to DNA repair. In cancer, mutations (-mut) lead to genomic instability. Thus, is a promising target in cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI).

Treatment According to Molecular Profiling in Relapsed/Refractory Cancer Patients: A Review Focusing on Latest Profiling Studies.

In this review we aim to summarize studies investigating the impact of a molecular profiling (MP)-guided treatment approach in heavily pretreated cancer patients. In summary, many independent single- and multicenter studies showed a significant benefit of MP-guided treatment regarding response rates and survival. However, in the only randomized trial conducted so far, no benefit of MP-guided targeted therapy was observed.