Nrf2 Deficiency Accelerates IL-17-Dependent Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that can be broadly classified into type 2, which is primarily steroid-sensitive and eosinophilic, and non-type 2, which is primarily steroid-resistant and neutrophilic. While the mechanisms leading to the development of molecular-targeted therapies for type 2 asthma are being elucidated, much remains to be learned about non-type 2 asthma. To investigate the role of oxidative stress in refractory allergic airway inflammation, we compared asthma models generated by immunizing wild-type and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-deficient mice with the house dust mite antigen.

A novel anterior approach that involves Retzius space development between the umbilical ligaments is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative inguinal hernia in robotic radical prostatectomy.

Background: To facilitate robotic radical prostatectomy (RP), we developed a novel anterior approach that utilizes a peritoneal incision between the umbilical ligaments to develop the Retzius space without contacting the internal inguinal rings, followed by closure of this space prior to prostatectomy and vesicourethral anastomosis. This approach could decrease the incidence of postoperative inguinal hernia (IH), similar to a Retzius-sparing RP (RS-RP). We compared the incidence of IH following this novel approach with that following conventional anterior RP and RS-RP.

[A Case of Left Renal Cell Carcinoma with Renal Arteriovenous Fistula and Multiple Vascular Malformation Undergoing Nephrectomy].

A 69-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the treatment of a left renal tumor found by computed tomography (CT) during examination for microscopic hematuria. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a 5 cm tumor in the inferior pole of the left kidney. Left renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (cT1bN0M0) was suspected.

ELOVL6 deficiency aggravates allergic airway inflammation through the ceramide-S1P pathway in mice.

Background: Elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6), an enzyme regulating elongation of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with C12 to C16 to those with C18, has been recently indicated to affect various immune and inflammatory responses; however, the precise process by which ELOVL6-related lipid dysregulation affects allergic airway inflammation is unclear.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the biological roles of ELOVL6 in allergic airway responses and investigate whether regulating lipid composition in the airways could be an alternative treatment for asthma.

Methods: Expressions of ELOVL6 and other isoforms were examined in the airways of patients who are severely asthmatic and in mouse models of asthma.

3D printed kidney model could be an important educational tool for residents.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate whether it is useful for junior physicians to use a three-dimensional (3D) kidney model when evaluating the R.E.N.

Regulates the Development of Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Remodeling and Steroid Insensitivity in Mice.

is a member of the gene family encoding the hyaluronan synthase 2, which can generate high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA). Our previous study identified as a candidate gene for increased susceptibility to adult asthma. However, whether dysfunction affects airway remodeling and steroid insensitivity is still limited.

ROS-Nrf2 pathway mediates the development of TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the activation of Notch signaling.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process by which epithelial cells transform to acquire mesenchymal phenotypes. Accumulating evidence indicate the involvement of EMT in the progression of malignant diseases. Notch signaling mediates TGF-β1-induced EMT through direct transcriptional activation of Snai1.

Pulmonary hypertension due to silicosis and right upper pulmonary artery occlusion with bronchial anthracofibrosis.

Bronchial anthracofibrosis is a rare disease defined as bronchial stenosis with black pigmentation and usually not associated with artery occlusion. The patient was an 81-year-old man with silicosis. He presented with dyspnea on exertion, and pulmonary hypertension due to right upper pulmonary artery occlusion without thromboembolism was diagnosed on the basis of the results of right heart catheterization and pulmonary angiography.

Depletion of PD-1 or PD-L1 did not affect the mortality of mice infected with Mycobacterium avium.

The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway could affect antimicrobial immune responses by suppressing T cell activity. Several recent studies demonstrated that blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway exacerbated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, the effect of blocking this pathway in pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection is not fully understood.

[A Case of Metachronous Occurrence of Interstitial Pneumonitis and Hypophysitis Following Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma].

A 71-year-old man presented with neck pain. He was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma of the left kidney with lung and bone metastases. After laparoscopic left nephrectomy, nivolumab plus ipilimumab was introduced as a first-line therapy for intermediate risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma based on the IMDC risk classification.

Usual interstitial pneumonia progressing to nonspecific interstitial pneumonia-like pattern on high-resolution CT with histologic confirmation.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease. Although high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is important for the diagnosis of IPF, the changes in the HRCT findings in IPF are not fully understood. The patient was a 66-year-old man.

Nrf2 Regulates Granuloma Formation and Macrophage Activation during Mycobacterium avium Infection via Mediating Nramp1 and HO-1 Expressions.

Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that is thought to be important in protection against intracellular pathogens. To determine the protective role of Nrf2 in the host defense against complex (MAC), both wild-type and -deficient mice were intranasally infected with MAC bacteria. -deficient mice were highly susceptible to MAC bacteria compared with wild-type mice.

Tumor lysis syndrome following cabazitaxel administration for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A case report.

Introduction: Tumor lysis syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal complication of oncological treatment. It is characterized by biochemical changes associated with the rapid lysis of malignant cells, usually after chemotherapy. Tumor lysis syndrome is typically noted in patients with hematological malignancies, and it rarely occurs in patients with solid tumors.

Seasonal Influenza Vaccine-induced Pneumonitis Presenting with Multiple Pulmonary Nodules.

A 39-year-old woman received a seasonal influenza vaccine in November 2015 and subsequently experienced malaise, low-grade fever, and chest discomfort. A chest X-ray performed 2 weeks after vaccination showed multiple nodular shadows in both lungs and ground-glass shadows in both lower lung fields. Her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contained an unusually high number of lymphocytes, and a drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test for seasonal influenza vaccine was positive.

Lung cancer with spontaneous regression of primary and metastatic sites: A case report.

Partial or complete spontaneous cancer regression is a rare phenomenon, particularly in patients with lung cancer. This is the case report of a patient with lung cancer who exhibited spontaneous regression of the primary as well as metastatic lesions, without receiving any treatment. Spontaneous regression commenced within a week of obtaining pathological specimens by transbronchial and percutaneous biopsies from the primary lesion and metastatic lymph nodes of the left side of the neck.