Direct Evidence of the Exfoliation Efficiency and Graphene Dispersibility of Green Solvents toward Sustainable Graphene Production.

Achieving a sustainable production of pristine high-quality graphene and other layered materials at a low cost is one of the bottlenecks that needs to be overcome for reaching 2D material applications at a large scale. Liquid phase exfoliation in conjunction with -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is recognized as the most efficient method for both the exfoliation and dispersion of graphene. Unfortunately, NMP is neither sustainable nor suitable for up-scaling production due to its adverse impact on the environment.

National survey to identify subspecialties at risk for physician shortages in Canadian academic radiology departments.

Purpose: To identify subspecialty fields in Canadian academic radiology departments that are at risk for future manpower shortages. To determine reasons for the potential shortages and suggest potential solutions.

Methods: An anonymous online survey was sent by e-mail to radiology residents and academic radiology department heads in Canada.