Blunted niacin skin flushing response in violent offenders with schizophrenia: A potential auxiliary diagnostic biomarker.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with an increased risk of violence, with clinical diagnosis primarily relies on symptomatology. The niacin skin flushing response (NSFR) is proposed as a potential biomarker for SZ, but its effectiveness in violent offenders with schizophrenia (VOSZ) remains unevaluated. This study investigates whether the diagnostic model differentiating general SZ patients (GSZ) from healthy controls (HCs) using NSFR can also distinguish VOSZ from HCs.

Robust zincophilic-hydrophobic protection layer induces preferential growth of (0 0 2) crystal plane towards ultra-stable Zn anode.

The practical deployment of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) in large-scale energy storage applications is hampered by short cycle lifespans and limited zinc utilization due to uncontrollable dendrite growth and water-induced side reactions. Herein, we propose an environmentally friendly electrolyte additive, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), which features dual zincophilic sites and a hydrophobic group, to enhance Zn stability. Theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that AMPS can firmly adsorb onto the Zn (0 0 2) plane through its dual zincophilic sites (SOH and NHCO), while the CC hydrophobic group orients toward the electrolyte, ultimately forming a stable zincophilic/hydrophobic interface on the Zn electrode in situ.

Efficacy of identifying Treatment-Resistant and non-Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia using niacin skin flushing response combined with clinical feature.

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a serious mental disease and early identification of this disease is necessary for timely initiation of treatment strategies and management measures. This study aimed to investigate the potential of niacin skin flushing response (NSFR) combined with clinical features in recognizing TRS and non-TRS (NTRS). A total of 269 patients with schizophrenia (99 TRS and 170 NTRS) were included in this study.

Sequential bioaugmentation of the dominant microorganisms to improve the fermentation and flavor of cereal vinegar.

Traditional cereal vinegars are fermented by microorganisms that are spontaneously enriched, leading to uncertainty in regulating the fermentation process and flavor. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of the predominant microorganisms, provenly and , on the solid-state fermentation (SSF) and flavor profile of cereal vinegar by several bioaugmentation strategies. The results indicated that the sequential bioaugmentation of predominant microorganisms improved the utilization of raw material and most key flavor compounds.

Identification of phenols and their formation network during the brewing process of Shanxi aged vinegar.

Phenols are important functional compounds present in vineagr, however, their composition and formation pathways remain uncertain. Herein, non-targeted metabolomics and macrotranscriptomics methods were applied to identify phenols and analyze their formation network during the brewing process of Shanxi aged vinegar. A total of 82 phenols were detected from the raw material and the brewing process.

[Remediation Effect of Iron-manganese Composite-modified Biochar from Different Biomasses on Cd-contaminated Alkaline Soil].

To investigate the remediation effect of iron-manganese-modified biochar from different biomasses （FM-BC） on Cd-contaminated alkaline soil, FM-BC was prepared using branches of , durian shells, and corn stalks. The characteristics of FM-BC, the adsorption of Cd（Ⅱ） in water, and the available, fraction of Cd in alkaline soil were studied using bath adsorption and soil culture experiments. The results showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume, and oxygen content of FM-BC were significantly improved.

Trehalose Alleviates D-Galactose-Induced Aging-Related Granulosa Cell Death in Ovaries.

Ovarian dysfunction caused by aging restricts female reproductive capacity and is accompanied by oxidative stress and impaired autophagy. Recent studies have shown that trehalose (Tre) can activate autophagy and have antioxidant effects. However, whether Tre can be used to attenuate ovarian aging remains unclear.

Long-term dysregulation of plasma peptidome in mild and multiple COVID-19 recovered patients revealed by a novel efficient peptidomics workflow.

After recovering from COVID-19, many patients experience "long COVID" symptoms. Existing research has predominantly focused on moderate to severe cases, with limited studies examining mild cases and recurrent infections. The circulating low-molecular-weight (LMW) peptidome, involving lipid metabolism, coagulation, and immune pathways, is crucial for understanding COVID-19's long-term effects.

Identification of aroma active compounds in Shanxi aged vinegar and tracing the source in the entire production process.

The aroma-active compounds (AACs) of traditional vinegars are formed through complexed pathways. Moreover, their source is not clear yet. The composition of AACs throughout the entire process of Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV) production from the raw materials, alcohol fermentation (AF), acetic acid fermentation (AAF), fumigation and aging stages were analyzed.

Melanoidins from Shanxi aged vinegar: Characterization and behavior after in vitro simulated digestion and colonic fermentation.

This study aims to elucidate the structure, physicochemical properties, and potential behavior of vinegar melanoidins (VM) during digestion and intestinal microbial fermentation in vitro. Our findings revealed that VM mainly consisted of carbohydrates. The particle size (166.

Assessment of the Impact of Dietary Supplementation with Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Antioxidant Status, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microbiota in Post-Weaning Rabbits.

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of EGCG on antioxidant stress, immune response, and intestinal microbiota flora in post-weaning rabbits. A total of 144 40 d Ira rabbits (equally divided by sex), were randomly allocated to six treatments. with five groups receiving doses of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg of EGCG, while one group served as a control without EGCG.

Annonaceous acetogenins mimic AA005 targets mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme alpha subunit to treat obesity in male mice.

Obesity and related diseases pose a major health risk, yet current anti-obesity drugs inadequately addressing clinical needs. Here we show AA005, an annonaceous acetogenin mimic, resists obesity induced by high-fat diets and leptin mutations at non-toxic doses, with the alpha subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein (HADHA) as a target identified through proteomics and in vitro validation. Pharmacokinetic analysis shows AA005 enriches in adipose tissue, prompting the creation of adipose-specific Hadha-deficient mice.

A preliminary study of sirtuin-1 on angiotensin II-induced senescence and inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Objective: Recent evidence suggests the involvement of senescence and inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Considering the role of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in delaying senescence, we aimed to preliminarily investigate the potential mechanism underlying the effects of SIRT1 in senescence and inflammation during AAA.

Material And Methods: A cell AAA model was established using angiotensin II (Ang II) as the inducer, which was applied to treat human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HASMCs).

Evaluating the strategies to improve strength and water-resistance of chitin nanofibril assembled structures: Molecule-bridging, heat-treatment and deacidifying.

Chitin nanofibril (ChiNF) is a promising building block used to fabricate chitin fibers, films or gels via self-assembly from its aqueous suspension. Although mechanical strengthening of its assembled structures has made great advances, the unsatisfactory water-resistance is still a crucial obstacle to practical application and even rarely referred to. Herein, ChiNF was prepared via deacetylation-ultrasonication treatment and the strategies of molecule-bridging, heat-treatment and deacidifying that aiming to improve the strength and water-resistance of its assembled films were evaluated.

A near-infrared light-driven Janus nanomotor for deep tumor penetration and enhanced tumor immunotherapy.

A near-infrared light-driven Janus nanomotor is constructed by collagenase-coated gold nanorods and chitosan-functionalized mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles with Mn as the bridging ion. The nanomotors with excellent motility and collagenase activity can potently penetrate into tumors to sufficiently activate innate immune responses, significantly enhancing anti-tumor immune efficacy .

Substrate binding and inhibition mechanism of norepinephrine transporter.

Norepinephrine transporter (NET; encoded by SLC6A2) reuptakes the majority of the released noradrenaline back to the presynaptic terminals, thereby affecting the synaptic noradrenaline level. Genetic mutations and dysregulation of NET are associated with a spectrum of neurological conditions in humans, making NET an important therapeutic target. However, the structure and mechanism of NET remain unclear.

The mediating role of chronic low-grade inflammation participation in the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes: findings from the NHANES.

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation may mediate the relationship between obesity and diabetes, yet clinical research in this area remains scarce. Thus, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of chronic low-grade inflammation in this relationship using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods: This study involved 2,482 participants enrolled in the NHANES between 2005 and 2016.

J-shaped association of the triglyceride glucose-body mass index with new-onset diabetes.

The triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) is a convenient and clinically significant indicator of insulin resistance. This study aims to investigate the correlation between TyG-BMI and the onset of new-onset diabetes and determine an optimal reflection point for TyG-BMI. An analysis was conducted on 1917 participants from the risk evaluation of cancers in Chinese diabetic individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study.

Mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction in α cells and hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes via SIRT1/FoxO3a signaling.

Dysregulation of α cells results in hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy increases oxygen consumption of islets and enhances insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanism for the protective role of MSCs in α-cell mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear.

Design and Synthesis of Dimethylaminomethyl-Substituted Curcumin Derivatives: Potent Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, and Radioprotection Activity, Improved Aqueous Solubility Compared with Curcumin.

Although the wide variety of bioactivities of curcumin has been reported by researchers, the clinical application of curcumin is still limited due to its poor aqueous solubility. In view of this, a series of dimethylaminomethyl-substituted curcumin derivatives were designed and synthesized (compounds -). Acetate of these derivatives were prepared (compounds -).

Enzymatic Degradation of Deoxynivalenol with the Engineered Detoxification Enzyme Fhb7.

In the era of global climate change, the increasingly severe head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination have caused economic losses and brought food and feed safety concerns. Recently, an FHB resistance gene coding a glutathione-S transferase (GST) to degrade DON by opening the critical toxic epoxide moiety was identified and opened a new window for wheat breeding and DON detoxification. However, the poor stability of Fhb7 and the elusiveness of the catalytic mechanism hinder its practical application.

A nomogram for predicting adverse pathologic features in low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Background: Identifying risk factors for adverse pathologic features in low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) can provide valuable insights into the necessity of surgical or non-surgical treatment. This study aims to develop a nomogram for predicting the probability of adverse pathologic features in low-risk PTMC patients.

Methods: A total of 662 patients with low-risk PTMC who underwent thyroid surgery were retrospectively analyzed in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from May 2019 to December 2021.

Beneficial effect of vinegar consumption associated with regulating gut microbiome and metabolome.

Vinegar is used as fermented condiment and functional food worldwide. Vinegar contains many nutrients and bioactive components, which exhibits health benefits. In this study, the potential effects of Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV) on gut microbiome and metabolome were explored in normal mice.

Association of congenital iodine deficiency syndrome and differentiated thyroid cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The effect of iodine deficiency, especially during the fetal period, on thyroid cancer risk remains unclear. The evidence from observational studies is controversial because of the inevitable confounding factors. We studied the causal effect of congenital iodine deficiency on differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) based on Mendelian randomization (MR).