Multi-Band Scattering Characteristics of Miniature Masson Pine Canopy Based on Microwave Anechoic Chamber Measurement.

Using microwave remote sensing to invert forest parameters requires clear canopy scattering characteristics, which can be intuitively investigated through scattering measurements. However, there are very few ground-based measurements on forest branches, needles, and canopies. In this study, a quantitative analysis of the canopy branches, needles, and ground contribution of Masson pine scenes in C-, X-, and Ku-bands was conducted based on a microwave anechoic chamber measurement platform.

Unusual free trisaccharides in caprine colostrum discovered by logically derived sequence tandem mass spectrometry.

Free oligosaccharides in human milk have many biological functions for infant health. The reducing end of most human milk oligosaccharides is lactose, and caprine milk was reported to contain oligosaccharides structurally similar to those present in human milk. The structures of oligosaccharides were traditionally determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or enzyme digestion followed by various detection methods, e.

Formation of the rosette-like starch with enhanced V-type crystallization via modified solvent-shifting method.

This research investigated the effect modified solvent-shifting method on the formation, ordered structure, and morphology of V-type starch. Ionic liquid (IL) dissolution and hot ethanol aqueous incubation in gradient concentrations from 30 % to 80 % (v/v) were applied to optimize the relative crystallinity of V-type starch. The results showed that this new method worked in producing V-type conformation, and higher ethanol concentration tended to yield V-type starch with higher crystallinity and more disk-like shape structure within the ethanol range of 30-50 % (v/v).

An integrative data-driven model simulating C. elegans brain, body and environment interactions.

The behavior of an organism is influenced by the complex interplay between its brain, body and environment. Existing data-driven models focus on either the brain or the body-environment. Here we present BAAIWorm, an integrative data-driven model of Caenorhabditis elegans, which consists of two submodels: the brain model and the body-environment model.

SR-SqueezeNet: A lightweight hyperspectral identification model for oil spills based on smoothed activation functions.

The demand for real-time identification of oil spills in disaster emergency response is urgent, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are important monitoring means for oil spills by advantage of their flexible, fast and low-cost, so it's crucial of developing lightweight model for UAVs. This paper proposed a lightweight hyperspectral identification model called SR-SqueezeNet, which based on SqueezeNet model and used the designed smooth-type activation function Smooth-ReLU. And this research conducted a series of experiments based on the multi-dimensional airborne images of the oil spills.

Depolymerization of lignin over heterogeneous Co-NC catalyst.

Green and atom-economic depolymerization of lignin remains a great challenge due to its complex non-repetitive structure and the inert property for chemo-digestion. A redox-neutral lignin depolymerization system without the use of extra oxidant and/or reductant over a Co-NC catalyst has been developed in this work, providing the first non-noble metal heterogeneous catalytic system for redox-neutral valorization of lignin. Mechanistic studies based on control reactions and deuterium labeling experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds via a metal-catalyzed dehydrogenation of C-OH to afford a carbonyl intermediate, followed by C-O bond cleavage (via hydrogenolysis) to afford monophenols and aromatic ketone products.

Application of Anti-Immune Complex Reagents in Small Molecule Analyte Immunoassays.

The detection of small molecule analytes (SMAs) is of great significance for food and drug testing, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnosis. However, the performance of commercially available SMA immunoassays is limited by their low sensitivity and specificity due to the competitive format, leaving significant room for improvement. In recent years, the application of noncompetitive immunoassays for the detection of SMAs has become a hot topic, especially with the rapid evolution of antibody development technology.

Mechanism underlying V-type structure formation in maize starch through glycerol-ethanol thermal substitution method.

V-type starches have been widely used in food science, agriculture, and biomedical science, but their mechanism of formation in nonaqueous solvents remains unclear. This study performed glycerol-ethanol thermal substitution to prepare V-type starch at atmospheric pressure. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that breakage of starch particles began in the hilum region and rapidly spread to the periphery with the temperature increased from 100 °C to 130 °C.

Platelet-rich plasma: A bibliometric and visual analysis from 2000 to 2022.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an integral biotherapeutic modality with evolving significance in the medical domain. Despite its expanding applications, a comprehensive bibliometric evaluation is essential to understand its development and impact.

Methods: The Web of Science core collection subject search identified articles pertinent to PRP applications.

Imaging Ferroelastic Domain Walls in Hybrid Improper Ferroelectric SrSnO.

We combined synchrotron-based near field infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy to image the properties of ferroelastic domain walls in SrSnO. Although frequency shifts at the walls are near the limit of our sensitivity, we can confirm semiconducting rather than metallic character and widths between 20 and 60 nm. The latter is significantly narrower than in other hybrid improper ferroelectrics like CaTiO.

Superlattice cathodes endow cation and anion co-intercalation for high-energy-density aluminium batteries.

Conventionally, rocking-chair batteries capacity primarily depends on cation shuttling. However, intrinsically high-charge-density metal-ions, such as Al, inevitably cause strong Coulombic ion-lattice interactions, resulting in low practical energy density and inferior long-term stability towards rechargeable aluminium batteries (RABs). Herein, we introduce tunable quantum confinement effects and tailor a family of anion/cation co-(de)intercalation superlattice cathodes, achieving high-voltage anion charge compensation, with extra-capacity, in RABs.

A Non-invasive Blood Glucose Detection System Based on Photoplethysmogram with Multiple Near-infrared Sensors.

Recent advancements in non-invasive blood glucose detection have seen progress in both photoplethysmogram and multiple near-infrared methods. While the former shows better predictability of baseline glucose levels, it lacks sensitivity to daily fluctuations. Near-infrared methods respond well to short-term changes but face challenges due to individual and environmental factors.

Periphery Biomarkers Predicting Conversion of Type 2 Diabetes to Pre-Alzheimer-Like Cognitive Decline: A Multicenter Follow-Up Study.

Background: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing, therefore, identifying biomarkers to predict those vulnerable to AD is imperative. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) serves as an independent risk factor for AD. Early prediction of T2D patients who may be more susceptible to AD, so as to achieve early intervention, is of great significance to reduce the prevalence of AD.

Methods and applications of noncompetitive hapten immunoassays.

Hapten immunoassays have found extensive application across various domains such as disease diagnostics, environmental monitoring, as well as the evaluation of food and pharmaceutical safety. These techniques traditionally rely on competitive assay formats and often face challenges with sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on the emergent noncompetitive immunoassay technologies that promise to transcend these limitations through innovative approaches.

Hydrogen-induced tunable remanent polarization in a perovskite nickelate.

Materials with field-tunable polarization are of broad interest to condensed matter sciences and solid-state device technologies. Here, using hydrogen (H) donor doping, we modify the room temperature metallic phase of a perovskite nickelate NdNiO into an insulating phase with both metastable dipolar polarization and space-charge polarization. We then demonstrate transient negative differential capacitance in thin film capacitors.

Integration of cognitive tasks into artificial general intelligence test for large models.

During the evolution of large models, performance evaluation is necessary for assessing their capabilities. However, current model evaluations mainly rely on specific tasks and datasets, lacking a united framework for assessing the multidimensional intelligence of large models. In this perspective, we advocate for a comprehensive framework of cognitive science-inspired artificial general intelligence (AGI) tests, including crystallized, fluid, social, and embodied intelligence.

Light-induced electronic polarization in antiferromagnetic CrO.

In a solid, the electronic subsystem can exhibit incipient order with lower point group symmetry than the crystal lattice. Ultrafast external fields that couple exclusively to electronic order parameters have rarely been investigated, however, despite their potential importance in inducing exotic effects. Here we show that when inversion symmetry is broken by the antiferromagnetic order in CrO, transmitting a linearly polarized light pulse through the crystal gives rise to an in-plane rotational symmetry-breaking (from C to C) via optical rectification.

Synergistic π-Conjugation Organic Cathode for Ultra-Stable Aqueous Aluminum Batteries.

Rechargeable aqueous aluminum batteries (AABs) are promising energy storage technologies owing to their high safety and ultra-high energy-to-price ratio. However, either the strong electrostatic forces between high-charge-density Al and host lattice, or sluggish large carrier-ion diffusion toward the conventional inorganic cathodes generates inferior cycling stability and low rate-capacity. To overcome these inherent confinements, a series of promising redox-active organic materials (ROMs) are investigated and a π-conjugated structure ROMs with synergistic C═O and C═N groups is optimized as the new cathode in AABs.

Giant X-Ray Circular Dichroism in a Time-Reversal Invariant Antiferromagnet.

X-ray circular dichroism, arising from the contrast in X-ray absorption between opposite photon helicities, serves as a spectroscopic tool to measure the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials and identify the handedness of chiral crystals. Antiferromagnets with crystallographic chirality typically lack X-ray magnetic circular dichroism because of time-reversal symmetry, yet exhibit weak X-ray natural circular dichroism. Here, the observation of giant natural circular dichroism in the Ni L-edge X-ray absorption of NiTeO is reported, a polar and chiral antiferromagnet with effective time-reversal symmetry.

Ferrorotational Selectivity in Ilmenites.

Unlike what happens in conventional ferroics, the ferrorotational (FR) domain manipulation and visualization in FR materials are nontrivial as they are invariant under both space-inversion and time-reversal operations. FR domains have recently been observed by using the linear electrogyration (EG) effect and X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffraction mapping. However, ferrorotational selectivity, such as the selective processing of the FR domains and direct visualization of the FR domains, e.