Serum IL-28A/IFN-λ2 is linked to disease severity of COVID-19.

Type III interferons (IFNs) play an important role in respiratory viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to determine whether the expression of serum type III IFNs predicted disease severity among patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients admitted to a single hospital between March 21, 2020, and March 31, 2021.

Comprehensive Gene Expression Signature Using RNA-Seq in Airways of Mouse Model of Severe Asthma with Fungal Sensitization.

Introduction: Inhalation of fungal allergens induces airway epithelial damage following airway inflammation and excessive mucus secretion, which can lead to severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). Comprehensive gene expression analysis in Alternaria-exposed mouse airways, a model of SAFS, has not been conducted.

Methods: BALB/c mice received intranasal administration of Alternaria extract or phosphate-buffered saline twice a week for 6 weeks.

Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia Triggered by Cardiac Ablation: The First Case Report.

Acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (AE-IIP) is associated with invasive procedures and respiratory infections. However, there have been no reports of AE-IIP triggered by catheter ablation. We herein report a case of AE-IIP after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in an 82-year-old man who was diagnosed with IIP.

The Relationship Between the "Adherence Starts with Knowledge-20" Questionnaire and Clinical Factors in Patients with COPD: A Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Inhaler therapy is the mainstay of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. Poor adherence causes disease exacerbation and affects patient mortality. Although the Adherence Starts with Knowledge-20 (ASK-20) questionnaire is a reliable tool for assessing medication adherence, the relationship between the ASK-20 and clinical factors in patients with COPD remains unknown.

Airway Epithelial Dysfunction in Asthma: Relevant to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors and Airway Epithelial Cells.

Airway epithelium plays an important role as the first barrier from external pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, chemical substances, and allergic components. Airway epithelial cells also have pivotal roles as immunological coordinators of defense mechanisms to transfer signals to immunologic cells to eliminate external pathogens from airways. Impaired airway epithelium allows the pathogens to remain in the airway epithelium, which induces aberrant immunological reactions.

[A CASE OF ANAPHYLAXIS DUE TO STINGING OF A Brachyponera chinensis].

The case involved a man in his forties. While working at the restaurant that the patient runs, the patient experienced a stab-like pain on the left shoulder and developed systemic pruritic eruptions. He was diagnosed with anaphylaxis upon visiting our emergency department.

Correlation of Arterial CO and Respiratory Impedance Values among Subjects with COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory illness characterized by airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms with a global prevalence estimated to be more than 10% in 2010 and still on the rise. Furthermore, hypercapnic subject COPD leads to an increased risk of mortality, morbidity, and poor QoL (quality of life) than normocapnic subjects. Series of studies showed the usefulness of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) to measure small airway closure.

Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background & Aims: Sarcopenia is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Serum creatinine/cystatin C (Cr/CysC) ratio has attracted attention as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia but has not been adequately studied in patients with COPD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of serum Cr/CysC ratio as a predictor of sarcopenia, evaluate a statistical cut-off value, and assess the relationship between Cr/CysC ratio and clinical factors.

Virus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations: SIRT1 Targeted Approach.

The prevalence of asthma has increased worldwide. Asthma exacerbations triggered by upper respiratory tract viral infections remain a major clinical problem and account for hospital admissions and time lost from work. Virus-induced asthma exacerbations cause airway inflammation, resulting in worsening asthma and deterioration in the patients' quality of life, which may require systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Oral meal intake as a prognostic predictor of community-acquired pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: The association between oral intake volume and prognosis has not been studied in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: We retrospectively examined 503 hospitalized CAP patients to evaluate whether early-phase meal intake (EMI) (within the first 24 h after hospitalization) and maximum meal intake (MMI) (on the day during hospitalization) are useful prognostic predictors.

Results: Of the 503 patients, 40 (8.

Spontaneous sputum discriminates inflammatory phenotypes in patients with asthma.

Background: Eosinophils in induced sputum are not only a useful biomarker for diagnosing asthma but are also associated with severe asthma. However, little is known about the association between eosinophils in spontaneous sputum and asthma severity.

Objective: To investigate whether spontaneous sputum eosinophils are related to severe asthma in adult patients with asthma.

Usefulness of Ninjin'yoeito for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Frailty.

Frail patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a higher risk of mortality, mood disorder, and poor quality of life (QOL). There are few intervention studies in frail patients with COPD, and there is a need for an effective therapy. Ninjin'yoeito (NYT) is a Kampo medicine that has been reported to improve fatigue, psychosomatic vulnerability, and respiratory symptoms.

Brigatinib and Alectinib for ALK Rearrangement-Positive Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With or Without Central Nervous System Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

To date, no head-to-head trials have compared the efficacy of brigatinib and alectinib against anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement-positive (ALK-p), ALK-inhibitor-naïve, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. We conducted an indirect treatment comparison (ITC) between brigatinib and alectinib, with crizotinib as a common comparator, using a Bayesian model with non-informative prior distribution and assessed the between-study heterogeneity of the studies. The primary efficacy endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and efficacy was ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve values.

Inhibition of Virus-Induced Cytokine Production from Airway Epithelial Cells by the Late Addition of Budesonide.

Background: Viral infection is the main cause of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) exacerbation and accumulate inflammatory cells to airway tissue. We have reported poly I:C, a mimic product of the virus and ligand of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), induced inflammatory chemokines from airway epithelial cells and found prior incubation with corticosteroids diminishes the effect of TLR3 activation. In clinical practice, mild asthma is recommended as-needed budesonide (BUD) when symptoms occur following a viral infection, etc.