Patient and public involvement in the design of an international clinical trial: real world experience.

Background: The value of patient and public involvement (PPI) during the earliest stages of clinical trial development, and prior to the award of substantive funding, is widely recognised. However, it is often under-resourced and PPI processes during this phase are rarely reported in detail. Having benefitted from seed funding to develop an international clinical trial proposal, we sought to describe and appraise PPI activities and processes that support pre-award co-development.

Empowering standardization of cancer vaccines through ontology: enhanced modeling and data analysis.

Background: The exploration of cancer vaccines has yielded a multitude of studies, resulting in a diverse collection of information. The heterogeneity of cancer vaccine data significantly impedes effective integration and analysis. While CanVaxKB serves as a pioneering database for over 670 manually annotated cancer vaccines, it is important to distinguish that a database, on its own, does not offer the structured relationships and standardized definitions found in an ontology.

Insidious Manifestations of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old gentleman presented with several months of a generalized pruritic skin eruption along his face, thorax, and extremities. Although he had been seen previously, no diagnosis was made until he presented to the emergency department (ED) with worsening lesions. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Therapeutic success in fragmented coronoid process disease and other canine medial elbow compartment pathology: a systematic review with meta-analyses.

Introduction: The correct treatment of elbow dysplasia is controversial in modern small animal orthopedics. The aim of this study was to compile all relevant literature of the therapy of fragmented coronoid process and other hereditary disorders of the medial elbow compartment and to statistically evaluate the therapeutic results in three meta-analyses.

Methods: The basis for the systematic literature review was a comprehensive database search of Web of Science, PubMed and Medline.

Replacing the body mass index with the sagittal abdominal diameter (abdominal height).

The body mass index (BMI; weight/height ), providing no information about the relative size of any adipose tissue depots, may accordingly misclassify degrees of cardiometabolic risk. However, in supine persons the abdominal height above the exam table (the sagittal abdominal diameter, SAD) is associated preferentially with the accumulation of visceral fat. Since visceral fat is a marker of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension, SAD could contribute to the estimation of generalized cardiometabolic risk.

Associations between ultra- or minimally processed food intake and three adiposity indicators among US adults: NHANES 2011 to 2016.

Objective: Ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake is associated with BMI, but effects on regional adipose depots or related to minimally processed food (MPF) intake are unknown.

Methods: Data included 12,297 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011 to 2016. This study analyzed associations between usual percentage of kilocalories from UPFs and MPFs and three adiposity indicators: supine sagittal abdominal diameter to height ratio (SADHtR, estimates visceral adiposity); waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR, estimates abdominal adiposity); and BMI, using linear and multinomial logistic regression.

Noninvasive diffusion MRI to determine the severity of peripheral nerve injury.

Objective: Primary repair of peripheral nerves is recommended following transection; however, patient management following repair is challenged by a lack of biomarkers to nerve regeneration. Previous studies have demonstrated that diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide viable biomarkers of nerve regeneration in injury models; though, these methods have not been systematically evaluated in graded partial transections and repairs.

Methods: Ex vivo diffusion MRI was performed in fixed rat sciatic nerve samples 4 or 12 weeks following partial nerve transection and repair (25% cut = 12, 50% cut = 12 and 75% cut = 11), crush injuries (n = 12), and sham surgeries (n = 9).

Prevalence of Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2011-2016.

Importance: The prevalence of diabetes among Hispanic and Asian American subpopulations in the United States is unknown.

Objective: To estimate racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of diabetes among US adults 20 years or older by major race/ethnicity groups and selected Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian subpopulations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2011-2016, cross-sectional samples representing the noninstitutionalized, civilian, US population.

Alternative waist-to-height ratios associated with risk biomarkers in youth with diabetes: comparative models in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.

Background/objectives: The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) estimates cardiometabolic risk in youth without need for growth charts by sex and age. Questions remain about whether waist circumference measured per protocol of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WHtR) or World Health Organization (WHtR) can better predict blood pressures and lipid parameters in youth.

Participants/methods: WHtR was measured under both anthropometric protocols among participants in the SEARCH Study, who were recently diagnosed with diabetes (ages 5-19 years; N = 2 773).

Diabetes-Related Emergency Medical Service Activations in 23 States, United States 2015.

Objective: The use of emergency medical services (EMS) for diabetes-related events is believed to be substantial but has not been quantified nationally despite the diverse acute complications associated with diabetes. We describe diabetes-related EMS activations in 2015 among people of all ages from 23 U.S.

Comparison of adiposity indicators associated with fasting-state insulinemia, triglyceridemia, and related risk biomarkers in a nationally representative, adult population.

Aims: We hypothesized that height-corrected abdominal size (supine sagittal abdominal diameter/height ratio [SADHtR] or waist circumference/height ratio [WHtR]) would associate more strongly than body mass index (BMI, weight/height) with levels of fasting insulin, triglycerides, and three derived biomarkers of insulin resistance.

Methods: Anthropometry, including SAD by caliper, was collected on 4398 adults in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. For comparison purposes, each adiposity indicator was scaled to its population-based, sex-specific, interquartile range (IQR).

Mortality associated with less intense risk-factor control among adults with diabetes in the United States.

Aims: Determine the mortality experience among adults with diabetes in meeting and not meeting less intense control for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and cholesterol.

Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010 participants with self-report of diagnosed diabetes (N=3335), measured HbA1c, BP and non-HDL cholesterol were linked to the National Death Index through December 31, 2011. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of meeting HbA1c<9% and BP<160/110, and non-HDL cholesterol<190mg/dL.

Weil's Disease from a Local New Orleans Bar.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection that typically presents with fever, myalgias, nausea, and vomiting after contact with contaminated waters or infected animals (typically rodents); and their excrements. Conditions favorable to the transmission of leptospirosis are common in LA and, without treatment, leptospirosis can lead to both liver and renal failure, meningitis, pulmonary hemorrhage and ultimately death.

Case: A 56 year old woman with no past medical history presented to the Emergency Department with weakness, myalgias, jaundice and decreased urine output for one week.

Indicators of abdominal size relative to height associated with sex, age, socioeconomic position and ancestry among US adults.

Background/objectives: The supine sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and standing waist circumference (WC) describe abdominal size. The SAD/height ratio (SADHtR) or WC/height ratio (WHtR) may better identify cardiometabolic disorders than BMI (weight/height2), but population-based distributions of SADHtR and WHtR are not widely available. Abdominal adiposity may differ by sociodemographic characteristics.

Comparing Two Waist-to-Height Ratio Measurements with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Youth with Diabetes.

Background: Waist circumference (WC) is commonly measured by either the World Health Organization (WHO) or National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) protocol.

Objective: Compare the associations of WHO . NHANES WC-to-height ratio (WHtR) protocols with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in a sample of youth with diabetes.

Association of Higher Consumption of Foods Derived From Subsidized Commodities With Adverse Cardiometabolic Risk Among US Adults.

Importance: Food subsidies are designed to enhance food availability, but whether they promote cardiometabolic health is unclear.

Objective: To investigate whether higher consumption of foods derived from subsidized food commodities is associated with adverse cardiometabolic risk among US adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2001 to 2006.

Electromyography comparison of normal chair-desk system and assistant chair-desk system on fatigue.

[Purpose] This study was designed to test the effects of the Assistant Chair-Desk System (ACDS), which can reduce the forward tilt of the neck and trunk and the level of fatigue during long lasting study in the sitting position. [Subjects] Fourteen middle school students and 14 college students of mixed gender participated in this study. [Methods] Fatigue level, the trapezius muscle, and the forward tilt angle of the head and trunk as well as distance factors were assessed before after using a normal chair-desk system (NCDS) and the ACDS for 120 minutes.