Beyond bNAbs: Uses, Risks, and Opportunities for Therapeutic Application of Non-Neutralising Antibodies in Viral Infection.

The vast majority of antibodies generated against a virus will be non-neutralising. However, this does not denote an absence of protective capacity. Yet, within the field, there is typically a large focus on antibodies capable of directly blocking infection (neutralising antibodies, NAbs) of either specific viral strains or multiple viral strains (broadly-neutralising antibodies, bNAbs).

Markerless gene editing in .

, the gonococcus, is a pathogen of major public health concern, but sophisticated approaches to gene manipulation are limited for this species. For example, there are few methods for generating markerless mutations, which allow the generation of precise point mutations and deletions without introducing additional DNA sequence. Markerless mutations are central to studying pathogenesis, the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and for vaccine development.