Lacquer cracks in pathological myopia: a clinical review.

Lacquer cracks, described as breaks in the Bruch's membrane, are unique lesions in the spectrum of fundus changes associated with pathological myopia. Lacquer cracks are generally believed to be relatively innocuous lesions by themselves; however, progression to other features of myopic macular degeneration, such as patchy chorioretinal atrophy and choroidal neovascularization, may result in irreversible visual impairment. With the rising prevalence of pathological myopia to epidemic proportions, particularly in the Asian countries, ophthalmologists expect to encounter lacquer cracks more frequently in clinical practice.

Delayed-Onset Hypnopompic Visual Hallucinations 20 Years After Initiation of Propranolol Therapy for Systemic Hypertension: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Visual hallucinations occur in a variety of clinical settings and may be extremely troubling to individuals experiencing them. We report a case of delayed-onset visual hallucinations 20 years after initiation of medical therapy to highlight the importance of considering iatrogenic causes when managing such patients. CASE REPORT An 88-year-old woman presented with recurring hypnopompic formed visual hallucinations for the past 20 years.

Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the progression, prevalence, and incidence of myopia: A systematic review.

We systematically reviewed the literature on the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the progression, prevalence, and incidence of myopia. A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus databases. Studies included in the review assessed myopia progression, prevalence, and/or incidence as the primary outcome.

Successful anatomical closure of a photographically documented 30-year-old idiopathic full-thickness macular hole following surgery for concurrent repair of an acute macula-on rhematogenous retinal detachment.

A 62-year-old man with a 30-year-old photographically documented idiopathic full-thickness macular hole and visual acuity of 6/45 developed an acute macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in his left eye. A pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling around the macular hole, fluid-air exchange, endolaser retinopexy around the peripheral retinal break and perfluoropropane (C3F8) internal tamponade were performed to repair the detached retina and macular hole. One month postoperatively, the patient developed a large peripheral circumferential retinal tear with shallow retinal detachment which necessitated scleral buckling, repeat vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation and C3F8 tamponade.

Steroid-induced glaucoma: an avoidable cause of irreversible blindness.

A man in his 70s on regular follow-up with an ophthalmologist for 10 years presented with blurry vision in his right eye for 4 days. He was diagnosed with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) bilaterally 18 months earlier and treated with antiglaucoma eye-drops. On direct questioning, he admitted to using fixed combination tobramycin 0.

Ophthalmic manifestations in seropositive dengue fever patients during epidemics caused by predominantly different dengue serotypes.

Purpose: Dengue fever (DF) epidemics in Singapore in 2005-2006 and 2007 were caused predominantly by dengue virus serotypes 1 (DENV-1) and 2 (DENV-2) respectively. We investigated the prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations during these consecutive epidemics.

Methods: Seropositive DF patients admitted to the hospital during two separate dengue epidemics were enrolled from June 2005 to December 2007.

Mucus fishing syndrome.

Mucus fishing syndrome is a chronic inflammatory ocular surface condition characterised by repetitive self-extraction of mucous strands from the eye.A man in his 30s presented with bilateral ocular redness, itch, irritation, tearing and sticky mucoid discharge for 3 months. Examination disclosed bilateral bulbar and tarsal conjunctival injection.

Effect of intravenous sedation on patients' visual experience and vital signs during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Effect of intravenous sedation on patients' visual experience and vital signs during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.

Design: Prospective, double masked, randomized controlled trial.

Methods: 150 eyes of 150 patients undergoing phacoemulsification and IOL implantation under topical anesthesia were randomized to receive either intravenous midazolam (0.

Global Ophthalmology Practice Patterns during COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown.

Aim: To assess the impact of practice patterns amongst global ophthalmologists during severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS Cov2) causing Corona virus disease (COVID-19) and understand the various modifications made to address emergency surgeries and practice needs.

Methods: An online survey was sent to practicing ophthalmologists around the world through email, Whatsapp™ ListServ17.0™ (for pediatric ophthalmologists), WeChat™ (China) and ophthalmology associations (Indonesia, Philippines, Ireland).

: A Natural Dietary Supplement for Amelioration of Retinal Diseases.

() is an exotic "berry-type" fruit of the plant that is characterized by a complex mixture of bioactive compounds distinguished by their high antioxidant potential. is used in traditional Chinese home cooking and in the Chinese Pharmacopeia as an aid to vision and longevity as well as a remedy for diabetes to balance "" and "" in the body for about two centuries. Although a myriad of bioactive compounds have been isolated from , polysaccharides, carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics represent the key functional components of .

Putative protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes and remains the leading cause of blindness in the working-age individuals. The exact aetiopathogenesis of DR remains elusive despite major advances in basic science and clinical research. Oxidative damage as one of the underlying causes for DR is increasingly being recognised.

Perioperative glycaemic control in diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anaesthesia: a survey of practices of Singapore ophthalmologists and anaesthesiologists.

Introduction: Perioperative glycaemic control is an important aspect of clinical management in diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anaesthesia. While poor long-term glycaemic control has significant implications for surgery, perioperative hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia may also compromise patient safety and surgical outcomes. We aimed to survey ophthalmologists and anaesthesiologists on their approach and to identify the prevalent practice patterns in Singapore.

Health Promotion Board-Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Falls Prevention among Older Adults Living in the Community.

The Health Promotion Board (HPB) has developed the Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) on Falls Prevention among Older Adults Living in the Community to provide health professionals in Singapore with recommendations for evidence-based assessments and interventions for falls prevention. This article reproduces the introduction and executive summary of the key recommendations from the HPB-MOH CPG on Falls Prevention among Older Adults Living in the Community for the information of SMJ readers. The chapters and page numbers mentioned in the reproduced extract refer to the full text of the guidelines, which are available from the Health Promotion Board website: http://www.

A follow-up survey on the knowledge of age-related macular degeneration and its risk factors among Singapore residents after 5 years of nation-wide awareness campaigns.

Purpose: To re-evaluate the awareness of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and knowledge of its risk factors among Singapore residents after 5 years of awareness campaigns.

Methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based telephone survey (modified from the AMD Alliance International Global Report), conducted in Singapore in 2011. Participants were randomly selected using the Global Yellow Pages Singapore residential listings 2009/2010.