Coefficients in Taylor's law increase with the time scale of water clarity measurements in a global suite of lakes.

Identifying the scaling rules describing ecological patterns across time and space is a central challenge in ecology. Taylor's law of fluctuation scaling, which states that the variance of a population's size or density is proportional to a positive power of the mean size or density, has been widely observed in population dynamics and characterizes variability in multiple scientific domains. However, it is unclear if this phenomenon accurately describes ecological patterns across many orders of magnitude in time, and therefore links otherwise disparate observations.

1-year health outcomes associated with systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring supplemental oxygen, dexamethasone reduces acute severity and improves survival, but longer-term effects are unknown. We hypothesised that systemic corticosteroid administration during acute COVID-19 would be associated with improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 1 year after discharge.

Methods: Adults admitted to hospital between February 2020 and March 2021 for COVID-19 and meeting current guideline recommendations for dexamethasone treatment were included using two prospective UK cohort studies (Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium).

High diversity in retail chicken: epidemiologically important strains may be missed with current sampling methods.

spp. are leading bacterial gastroenteritis pathogens. Infections are largely underreported, and the burden of outbreaks may be underestimated.

Genome-wide SNP-sex interaction analysis of susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung condition that is more prevalent in males than females. The reasons for this are not fully understood, with differing environmental exposures due to historically sex-biased occupations, or diagnostic bias, being possible explanations. To date, over 20 independent genetic variants have been identified to be associated with IPF susceptibility, but these have been discovered when combining males and females.

Anoxia begets anoxia: A positive feedback to the deoxygenation of temperate lakes.

Declining oxygen concentrations in the deep waters of lakes worldwide pose a pressing environmental and societal challenge. Existing theory suggests that low deep-water dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations could trigger a positive feedback through which anoxia (i.e.

Slice Testing-Considerations from Ordering to Reporting: A Joint Report of the Association for Molecular Pathology, College of American Pathologists, and National Society of Genetic Counselors.

As the number of genes associated with various germline disorders continues to grow, it is becoming more difficult for clinical laboratories to maintain separate assays for interrogating disease-focused gene panels. One solution to this challenge is termed slice testing, where capture backbone is used to analyze data specific to a set of genes, and for this article, we will focus on exome. A key advantage to this strategy is greater flexibility by adding genes as they become associated with disease or the ability to accommodate specific provider requests.

A global genomic analysis of Salmonella Concord reveals lineages with high antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia.

Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Concord (S. Concord) is known to cause severe gastrointestinal and bloodstream infections in patients from Ethiopia and Ethiopian adoptees, and occasional records exist of S. Concord linked to other countries.

Characteristics and risk factors for post-COVID-19 breathlessness after hospitalisation for COVID-19.

Background: Persistence of respiratory symptoms, particularly breathlessness, after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has emerged as a significant clinical problem. We aimed to characterise and identify risk factors for patients with persistent breathlessness following COVID-19 hospitalisation.

Methods: PHOSP-COVID is a multicentre prospective cohort study of UK adults hospitalised for COVID-19.

Leveraging global multi-ancestry meta-analysis in the study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis genetics.

The research of rare and devastating orphan diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been limited by the rarity of the disease itself. The prognosis is poor-the prevalence of IPF is only approximately four times the incidence, limiting the recruitment of patients to trials and studies of the underlying biology. Global biobanking efforts can dramatically alter the future of IPF research.

Genome-wide analysis of genes involved in efflux function and regulation within and serovar Typhimurium.

The incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is increasing globally, with efflux pumps being a fundamental platform limiting drug access and synergizing with other mechanisms of resistance. Increased expression of efflux pumps is a key feature of most cells that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. Whilst expression of efflux genes can confer benefits, production of complex efflux systems is energetically costly and the expression of efflux is highly regulated, with cells balancing benefits against costs.

Prevalence, risk factors and treatments for post-COVID-19 breathlessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Persistent breathlessness >28 days after acute COVID-19 infection has been identified as a highly debilitating post-COVID symptom. However, the prevalence, risk factors, mechanisms and treatments for post-COVID breathlessness remain poorly understood. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for relevant studies published from 1 January 2020 to 1 November 2021 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021285733) and included 119 eligible papers.

Third international challenge to model the medium- to long-range transport of radioxenon to four Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty monitoring stations.

In 2015 and 2016, atmospheric transport modeling challenges were conducted in the context of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification, however, with a more limited scope with respect to emission inventories, simulation period and number of relevant samples (i.e., those above the Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDC)) involved.

Use of Vitex doniana (black plum) and Abutilon hirtum (Florida keys) extracts as an integral part of phytomedicine in tackling multidrug-resistant Salmonella.

Introduction: The high prevalence and global spread of antibiotic resistance is driving the search for new antibacterial agents. Screening small molecules against specific bacterial targets has not yielded new compounds therefore functional assays and phenotypic screens are now being used. In Nigeria, drug resistance towards Salmonella is a major public health concern.

Substrate Utilisation and Energy Metabolism in Non-Growing M1cam.

, the major cause of bacterial foodborne illness, is also a fastidious organism that requires strict growth requirements in the laboratory. Our aim was to study substrate utilisation and energy metabolism in non-growing to investigate the ability of these bacteria to survive so effectively in the food chain. We integrated phenotypic microarrays and genome-scale metabolic modelling (GSM) to investigate the survival of on 95 substrates.

The Effect of Weekend Surgery on Outcomes of Emergency Laparotomy: Experience at a High Volume District General Hospital.

Aims Emergency laparotomies (ELs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Delays to the theater are inevitably associated with worse outcomes. Higher mortality has been reported with admissions over the weekend.

Microbiomes of Urine and the Prostate Are Linked to Human Prostate Cancer Risk Groups.

Background: Bacteria play a suspected role in the development of several cancer types, and associations between the presence of particular bacteria and prostate cancer have been reported.

Objective: To provide improved characterisation of the prostate and urine microbiome and to investigate the prognostic potential of the bacteria present.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Microbiome profiles were interrogated in sample collections of patient urine (sediment microscopy: n = 318, 16S ribosomal amplicon sequencing: n = 46; and extracellular vesicle RNA-seq: n = 40) and cancer tissue (n = 204).

Defining the Critical Components of Informed Consent for Genetic Testing.

Purpose: Informed consent for genetic testing has historically been acquired during pretest genetic counseling, without specific guidance defining which core concepts are required.

Methods: The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Consent and Disclosure Recommendations Workgroup (CADRe) used an expert consensus process to identify the core concepts essential to consent for clinical genetic testing. A literature review identified 77 concepts that are included in informed consent for genetic tests.

Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) COVID-19 focus.

New data collection in established longitudinal population studies provides an opportunity for studying the risk factors and sequelae of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), plus the indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on wellbeing. The Extended Cohort for E-health, Environment and DNA (EXCEED) cohort is a population-based cohort (N>11,000), recruited from 2013 in Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland. EXCEED includes consent for electronic healthcare record (EHR) linkage, spirometry, genomic data, and questionnaire data.

Massively parallel transposon mutagenesis identifies temporally essential genes for biofilm formation in .

Biofilms complete a life cycle where cells aggregate, grow and produce a structured community before dispersing to colonize new environments. Progression through this life cycle requires temporally controlled gene expression to maximize fitness at each stage. Previous studies have largely focused on identifying genes essential for the formation of a mature biofilm; here, we present an insight into the genes involved at different stages of biofilm formation.

Characterization of a pESI-like plasmid and analysis of multidrug-resistant Infantis isolates in England and Wales.

serovar Infantis is the fifth most common serovar isolated in England and Wales. Epidemiological, genotyping and antimicrobial-resistance data for . Infantis isolates were used to analyse English and Welsh demographics over a 5 year period.