AMPK activation enhances osteoblast differentiation on a titanium disc via autophagy.

Purpose: The acquisition of osseointegration during implant therapy is slower and poorer in patients with diabetes compared with healthy persons. The serum concentration of adiponectin in patients with type II diabetes is lower than that of healthy persons via the suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Therefore, we hypothesized that the AMPK activation enhances bone formation around implants, resulting in the improved acquisition of osseointegration.

The effect of AMP kinase activation on differentiation and maturation of osteoblast cultured on titanium plate.

Background/purpose: 5' Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as an enzyme that maintains intracellular homeostasis and has various biological activity. The purpose of this study is evaluation effect of AMPK activation on implant prognosis.

Materials & Methods: MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were cultured on titanium using a 24-well plate.

Space-making effect for new bone formation by suppressing scar contraction of mucosal epithelium of rat tooth extraction wound using diode laser and CO laser treatment.

Background/purpose: As an extraction wound closes, the mucosal epithelium of the tooth extraction wound impedes the space for new bone formation by invading into the extraction socket. Thus, the height of the alveolar crest decreases, causing significant depression of the alveolar mucosa. In this study, we created a rat tooth extraction model and examined the effects of laser irradiation by CO and diode on the dynamics of myofibroblast expression through α-SMA, and TGF-β1.

Three-dimensional spheroids of dedifferentiated fat cells enhance bone regeneration.

Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that are extensively used in tissue engineering. Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells are derived from adipose tissues and are similar to MSCs. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures comprising MSCs mimic the biological microenvironment more accurately than two-dimensional cultures; however, it remains unclear whether DFAT cells in 3D spheroids possess high osteogenerative ability.

Bond durability and surface states of titanium, Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and zirconia for implant materials.

Purpose: Screw-retained implant crowns used as dental implants comprise a zirconia coping and titanium base bonded using resin cement. These devices are prone to debonding failures. This study investigated the bond characteristics of implant materials based on shear bond strength (SBS) and surface characteristics.

Effects of ytterbium laser surface treatment on the bonding of two resin cements to zirconia.

Monolithic zirconia crowns bonded to zirconia abutments have become more commonly used in the construction of cement-retained implant superstructures. The present study aimed to examine the effects of laser surface treatments on the bond strength of two resin cements to zirconia. Three types of surfaces were examined: untreated, alumina blasted, and ytterbium laser treated; and two types of resin cements: 4-META/MMA-TBB resin cement and composite resin cement.

Enhancement of jaw bone regeneration via ERK1/2 activation using dedifferentiated fat cells.

Background Aims: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent and self-renewing cells that are extensively used in tissue engineering. Adipose tissues are known to be the source of two types of MSCs; namely, adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs) and dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells. Although ASCs are sometimes transplanted for clinical cytotherapy, the effects of DFAT cell transplantation on mandibular bone healing remain unclear.

Intramedullary injury combined with osteoporosis therapeutics regulates targeted local osteogenesis.

Bone marrow ablation prompts transient bone formation in nearly the entire medullary cavity before marrow regeneration occurs. Here, we establish a procedure to direct bone formation in a desired particular site within the medullary cavity for support of biomedical devices. Local intramedullary injury was performed in the tibiae of rats and parathyroid hormone (PTH), alendronate, or saline was administered.

Third molar transplantation combined with an osteotome sinus lift - two case reports.

We report here on our application of the socket lift technique to create a transplant socket for the transplanted maxillary molar. These outcomes suggest that this technique is likely to be effective for tooth transplantation when the maxillary sinus bottom is close to the alveolar crest.

Accelerated Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation on Zirconia with Surface Grooves Created with Fiber Laser Irradiation.

Background: Modification of the surface topography of biomaterials is a critical factor for the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Elucidating the biological response to surface roughening is necessary for clinical application of zirconia implants.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of fiber laser-induced zirconia surface roughening on cultured osteoblast-like cell morphology, proliferation, differentiation, and calcification, and on in vivo bone formation.

Human mandibular trabecular bone density correlation with mechanical strength: implications for implant dentistry.

Purpose: The prognosis of a dental implant depends on the mechanical properties of the bone. The preoperative diagnosis of bone quality has become more important, because the immediate loading procedure is now widely used, and a firm initial stability is required. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is an effective method of determining selectively the bone mineral density (BMD) of the trabecular bone mostly responsible for the survival of the implant.

Students' opinion of a predoctoral implant training program.

Implant treatment today is highly predictable and provides valid restorative options for the completely or partially edentulous patient. In Japan, many dental care facilities have incorporated implant treatment, and such treatment is no longer rare. For predoctoral students, the educational environment related to implants is not always applicable in present clinical settings.