Molecular Characterization of spp. in Cattle from Kazakhstan.

Bovine anaplasmosis is an infectious vector-borne disease caused by bacteria of the genus , which have a wide global distribution and represent a high economic burden for agriculture. The use of molecular genetic techniques has increased our knowledge of the species diversity of spp. and naturally susceptible animals.

The Dimroth Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Condensed Pyrimidines - Structural Analogs of Antiviral Compounds.

The review discusses the use of the Dimroth rearrangement in the synthesis of condensed pyrimidines which are key structural fragments of antiviral agents. The main attention is given to publications over the past 10 years. The bibliography includes 107 references.

Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of 3-Cyanoquinoxalin-2(1)-ones When Exposed to 1,2-Diaminobenzenes: Synthesis of 2,2'-Bibenzimidazoles.

A novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of diversely substituted 2,2'-bibenzimidazoles from the reaction of 3-cyanoquinoxalin-2(1)-ones with 1,2-diaminobenzenes has been developed, which proceeds through sequential nucleophilic addition and electrophilic substitution followed by a Mamedov rearrangement. The synthetic utility of this strategy was illustrated by the concise, one-pot synthesis of 5,5'-bi(2,2'-bibenzimidazoles) and aza-analogues of 2,2'-bibenzimidazole.

One-Pot Synthesis of 7-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)thioxolumazine and -lumazine Derivatives via HSO-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Quinoxalinones When Exposed to 5,6-Diamino-2-mercapto- and 2,5,6-Triaminopyrimidin-4-ols.

A facile approach to a range of substituted 7-(benzimidazol-2-yl)thioxolumazines [7-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropteridin-4(1 H)-ones] and 7-(benzimidazol-2-yl)lumazines [7-(benzimidazol-2-yl)pteridine-2,4(1 H,3 H)-diones] is described. These new biheterocyclic systems are obtained via HSO-catalyzed rearrangement of quinoxalin-2-ones in the presence of 5,6-diamino-2-mercapto- and 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidin-4-ols. Thus, benzimidazole and pteridine rings are constructed in one synthetic step.

Use of polymethylmethacrylate in treatment of arteriovenous angiodysplasia with bone lesions.

Arteriovenous dysplasia is rather uncommon disease, quite often leading to severe complications even in young age. Involvement of the osseous apparatus into the pathological process is frequently associated with the problem of amputation of the affected limb. Therefore, salvage of the extremity while removing arteriovenous shunt and trophic impairments is an extremely important clinical task.

Reaction for the synthesis of benzimidazol-2-ones, imidazo[5,4-b]-, and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-ones via the rearrangement of quinoxalin-2-ones and their aza analogues when exposed to enamines.

A synthetically useful protocol has been developed for the preparation of highly functionalized N-pyrrolylbenzimidazol-2-ones. The reaction of variously substituted 3-aroyl- and 3-alkanoylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with commercially available enamines in acetic acid results in a rapid rearrangement and formation of N-pyrrolylbenzimidazol-2-ones in modest to excellent yields. The key step of the rearrangement involves the novel ring contraction of 3-aroyl- and 3-alkanoylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with enamines.

Histoenzymological characteristics of the heart conduction system: comparative study with left or right ventricle afterload.

Histoenzymological changes, indicating inhibition of the main metabolic processes, were found in the conduction cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle and ventricular septum in experimental stenosis of the aorta. The histoenzymological changes in the conduction system of both ventricles and ventricular septum were similar in experimental stenosis of the pulmonary artery and indicated primarily activation of glycolysis. The histoenzymological profile of conduction cardiomyocytes differed little in cases when the increase of the pressure load was complicated or not complicated by the development of heart failure, particularly in pulmonary artery stenosis.

Histoenzymology of the contractile myocardium in experimental pulmonary stenosis.

Metabolism of contractile cardiomyocyte in experimental pulmonary stenosis complicated or not complicated by heart failure was studied by histochemical methods. In pulmonary stenosis not complicated by heart failure, intensification of glycolysis, more intense oxidation of free fatty acids and their metabolites, and acceleration of the citric acid cycle were found in the contractile cardiomyocytes. In pulmonary stenosis complicated by heart failure, glycogen content in the myocardium was sharply decreased.

Histoenzymological characteristics of the contractile myocardium in experimental stenosis of the aorta.

Contractile cardiomyocyte metabolism was studied by histochemical methods in experimental stenosis of the aorta complicated and not by heart failure. Acceleration of the citric acid cycle, more intense oxidation of free fatty acids and their metabolites, glycolysis intensification, and higher activity of shuttle mechanisms were found in the contractile cardiomyocytes in stenosis of the aorta not complicated by heart failure. The presence of these metabolic shifts in the myocardium of all studied compartments suggests their association with not only more intense heart work, but also with the effects of total systems neurohumoral factors.

Pathomorphology of the heart conduction system: comparative study during increase in left or right ventricular afterload.

Pathomorphology of the peripheral compartments of the heart conduction system under conditions of increased left or right ventricular afterload is characterized by interstitial edema, hemorrhages, and reversible and irreversible focal lesions. The percentage of damaged conduction cardiomyocytes increases in the wall of hemodynamically overloaded ventricle and in the ventricular septum. These changes are more pronounced in cases when the afterload increase is complicated by heart failure development.

Pathomorphology of myocardial circulation: comparative study in increased left or right ventricle afterload.

Comparative study of pathomorphology of myocardial circulation under conditions of increased afterload of the left or right ventricles showed similar changes. All compartments of the coronary bed were plethoric, capillary blood stasis and perivascular edema, more pronounced in arterial vessels, were detected in both cases. These changes equally involved both ventricles and the ventricular septum.

Comparative pathomorphological study of contractile myocardium under conditions of increased left and right ventricular afterload.

Structural changes in the myocardium under conditions of increased left and right ventricular afterload were studied using polarization microscopy and histological, histochemical, and stereological methods. Increased afterload not complicated by heart failure was characterized by low number of damaged cardiomyocytes (3.3-6.

[Histochemical characteristics of adrenergic myocardial and adrenal fibers in experimental narrowing of the aorta and pulmonary artery].

Ligation of the aorta or the pulmonary trunk was the method of experimental overloading of heart ventricles. Histochemical studies indicated activation of mediator chain of the sympatho-adrenal system. Catecholamines content in the nervous plexus of the overloaded ventricle did not change but there was an increase of their content in the medullary layer of the adrenals.

Sympathoadrenal system under conditions of increased left and right ventricular afterload.

Adrenergic plexuses in the myocardium and adrenal medulla were studied histochemically under conditions of increased left or right ventricular afterload. Under conditions of high afterload not accompanied by heart failure the density of sympathetic myocardial innervation remained unchanged in the loaded ventricle, but increased in the intact ventricle. Comparison of the state of the sympathoadrenal system under conditions of increased afterload complicated or uncomplicated by heart failure revealed common prognostically unfavorable changes: sharp decrease in the density of adrenergic nerve plexuses in the ventricular myocardium and activation of adrenal chromaffin cells.

[Some hematologic specific features of penetrating ocular injuries in children of Turkmenistan].

Data about the dynamic changes in the peripheral blood cellular composition, a correlation between the quantities of circulating polinuclei and mononuclei of the blood and the activity of myeloperoxidase in granulocytes of Turkmen children, aged 4 to 16, with penetrating ocular injuries are presented in the paper with regard for age and ecological peculiarities of the region of residence.

Heart rhythm disturbances during the acute period of massive pulmonary embolism.

We studied the type, incidence, and dynamics of arrhythmia during the acute phase of massive pulmonary embolism complicated or uncomplicated by cardiac insufficiency. Complicated and uncomplicated massive pulmonary embolisms were accompanied by the appearance of individual and allorhythmic ventricular extrasystoles, respectively. The rise of right ventricular pressure to 70 mm Hg was critical for the development of allorhythmia.

[Microcirculatory changes in patients with the initial manifestations of cerebral circulatory failure under the conditions of an arid zone].

Microcirculation was studied in 53 ICCD patients: 28 lived in comfortable weather conditions while 25 patients lived in heat discomfort in arid climatic zone. It is shown that heat discomfort led to compensatory microvascular reactions providing proper supply of oxygen to organs and tissues: tortuosity and dilation of the microvessels, opening of the capillaries, shunting in relative hypoxia and hyperthermia.

[Changes in systemic and intracardiac hemodynamics during bicycle ergometry in patients with fibrillation arrhythmia treated with allapinin before and after sinus rhythm recovery].

In atrial fibrillation, allapinine was shown to enhance rhythm by 7% and to increase cardiac output (p less than 0.05), as well as to slightly lower mean blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance at rest. With exercise, both in atrial fibrillation, and sinus rhythm, there was a decrease in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes of the left ventricle (p less than 0.

[Effect of a new anti-arrhythmia drug allapinin on hemodynamics in patients with a persistent form of atrial fibrillation before and after restoration of sinus rhythm].

Echocardiographic study was performed in 24 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PAF) without clinical signs of circulatory failure. When treated with allapinin , all the patients with PAF showed a significant increase in heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) and a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR). No substantial changes in the major hemodynamic parameters were found in patients with higher left ventricular dimensions; however, a significant rise in end systolic volume (ESV) was noted.

[The effect of allapinine on external respiratory function in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system].

The cardiorespiratory system was studied comprehensively in 27 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (PAF) without the clinically marked signs of circulatory failure. After allapinine treatment 15 patients with bronchial obstruction manifestations demonstrated, in the presence of lasting PAF, a significant increase of the forced expiration capacity per s and of the maximum volumetric expiration rates. The data obtained may attest to the fact that the drug has beta-stimulating properties, confirming the reported evidence.

[An evaluation of the possibility of using Romanomermis iyengari Welch mermithids for mosquito control in Uzbekistan].

Mermithid nematodes Romanomermis iyengari were released into 13 natural water bodies of various types at a ratio of 300-8000 invasive preparasites per 1 m2 of water surface in Tashkent region of Uzbekistan. Infected larvae of Anopheles martinius, An. hyrcanus, Culex modestus were found in 6 water bodies with low content of dissolved salts (Ca2+ + + Mg2(+)-3.