Epidemiologic risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in a rural region of Egypt.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide, including Egypt. In the recent past, HCC has become the second most prevalent cancer among men in Egypt. Since HCC has not been well studied in the rural population of Egypt, this case-control study was conducted to investigate the epidemiologic risk factors of HCC in the predominantly rural region of Gharbiah, Egypt.

Urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence in Egypt (1999-2006).

Objective: To describe urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence in Gharbiah, Egypt and to investigate if these differences could be explained by known risk factors of breast cancer.

Methods: We used data from the population-based cancer registry of Gharbiah, Egypt to assess breast cancer incidence from 1999 through 2006. The Egyptian census provided data on district-specific population, age, and urban-rural classification.

Concordance of DNA methylation pattern in plasma and tumor DNA of Egyptian hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality globally. HCC incidence has doubled in Egypt in the past 10 years, which could be attributed to the high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), although HBV rates have declined after the introduction of the vaccine in 1992. Aberrant DNA methylation may play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Incidence analyses of bladder cancer in the Nile delta region of Egypt.

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy among Egyptian males and previously has been attributed to Schistosoma infection, a major risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Recently, transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) incidence has been increasing while SCC has declined. To investigate this shift, we analyzed the geographical patterns of all bladder cancers cases recorded in Egypt's Gharbiah Population-Based Cancer Registry from 1999 through 2002.

Urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence by hormone receptor status across 6 years in Egypt.

Breast cancer incidence is higher in developed countries with higher rates of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors. ER+ tumors are caused by estrogenic exposures although known exposures explain approximately 50% of breast cancer risk. Unknown risk factors causing high breast cancer incidence exist that are estrogenic and development-related.

The changing patterns of bladder cancer in Egypt over the past 26 years.

Objective: To evaluate temporal changes in histopathological types of bladder cancer and to assess associated changes in demographic, epidemiologic, and lifestyle risk factors.

Methods: We abstracted data from all available medical records from the National Cancer Institute of Cairo University (NCI-Cairo). Six calendar years representing 5-year periods between 1980 and 2005 were evaluated.

Patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in Egypt from a population-based cancer registry.

Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide, and is frequently attributed to rising rates of hepatitis C virus infection and interactions between viral and environmental risk factors. Because of Egypt's unique risk factor profile, we analyzed data from the Gharbiah Population-Based Cancer Registry for the period 1999-2003 to characterize demographic and geographic patterns of cases in this province.

Methods: We calculated age- and sex-specific and age- and sex-standardized HCC incidence rates for the eight districts in Gharbiah.

Knowledge gained after a brief CME module on breast cancer diagnosis.

Background: In developing countries, continuing medical education (CME) is lacking and physicians' knowledge of cancer control may also be lacking.

Method: We evaluated knowledge of 144 primary care physicians in Egypt and 50 in Tunisia regarding breast cancer (BC) and inflammatory BC (IBC) in particular. We invited the physicians to pretesting, presentation of an educational module, and post-testing.