The hidden cost of chronic pain: A narrative review of the environmental impact of outpatient spine and musculoskeletal care.

Health care is a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions and is closely intertwined with industrial processes responsible for air, water, and soil pollution. Chronic pain - particularly as it relates to spine and musculoskeletal diagnoses - comprises a significant portion of health care utilization and affects millions of people worldwide. Despite the prevalence of chronic spine and musculoskeletal pain, there has been limited discussion of the environmental impacts of outpatient clinics and interventional processes as they relate to these conditions.

Fluorescence alteration of MPA capped CdSe quantum dots by spontaneous biomarker protein adsorption.

Quantum dots (QDs) have significant potentials in biomedical applications of bioimaging and biosensing. Spontaneous adsorption of proteins on QDs surface is a common phenomenon, which occurred to serum proteins in biological samples, and has been observed to enhance QDs fluorescence. In this study, fluorescence alteration of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped CdSe quantum dots by four individual biomarker proteins was investigated.