Publications by authors named "Kadam Patel"
Among adults, COVID-19 hospitalization rates increase with age. Data from the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network were analyzed to estimate population-based COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates during October 2023-April 2024 and identify demographic and clinical characteristics of adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with COVID-19. Adults aged ≥65 years accounted for 70% of all adult COVID-19-associated hospitalizations, and their COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates were higher than those among younger adult age groups.
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- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can severely impact infants and older adults, but there's limited knowledge regarding its effects on pregnant women.
- A study analyzed RSV hospitalizations in women aged 18-49, comparing pregnant and nonpregnant women across different time periods to assess severe outcomes.
- Results showed that pregnant women had fewer severe RSV cases, with no deaths reported among them, and more asymptomatic pregnant women were found during the pandemic due to changes in testing.
Severe outcomes were common among adults hospitalized for COVID-19 or influenza, while the percentage of COVID-19 hospitalizations involving critical care decreased from October 2021 to September 2022. During the Omicron BA.5 period, intensive care unit admission frequency was similar for COVID-19 and influenza, although patients with COVID-19 had a higher frequency of in-hospital death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdults aged ≥65 years remain at elevated risk for severe COVID-19 disease and have higher COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates compared with those in younger age groups. Data from the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to estimate COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates during January-August 2023 and identify demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years during January-June 2023. Among adults aged ≥65 years, hospitalization rates more than doubled, from 6.
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- The study aimed to evaluate the effects of respiratory virus codetections in children hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 from March 2020 to February 2022.
- Out of 4,372 hospitalized children, 21% had additional respiratory virus codetections, which were more common in younger children (under 5 years old) and associated with a higher likelihood of severe illness and ICU admission.
- Findings suggest that codetections with viruses like RSV and rhinovirus/enterovirus could worsen the severity of illness in children under 5 years old who are infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Background: Bacterial and viral infections can occur with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but prevalence, risk factors, and associated clinical outcomes are not fully understood.
Methods: We used the Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET), a population-based surveillance system, to investigate the occurrence of bacterial and viral infections among hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020 and April 2022. Clinician-driven testing for bacterial pathogens from sputum, deep respiratory, and sterile sites were included.
Background: COVID-19 is associated with cardiac complications.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with acute cardiac events during COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among adults.
Methods: During January 2021 to November 2021, medical chart abstraction was conducted on a probability sample of adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection identified from 99 U.
Background: The COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) required a sampling methodology that allowed for production of timely population-based clinical estimates to inform the ongoing US COVID-19 pandemic response.
Methods: We developed a flexible sampling approach that considered reporting delays, differential hospitalized case burden across surveillance sites, and changing geographic and demographic trends over time. We incorporated weighting methods to adjust for the probability of selection and non-response, and to calibrate the sampled case distribution to the population distribution on demographics.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to understand the risk factors for hospitalization due to COVID-19, focusing on both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals to aid public health measures.
- Data was collected from over 250 hospitals between January 2021 and April 2022, comparing hospitalization rates and patient characteristics of vaccinated and unvaccinated persons with confirmed COVID-19 infections.
- Results indicated that unvaccinated individuals had significantly higher hospitalization rates—up to 17.7 times higher compared to vaccinated individuals—particularly during the Omicron variant surge.
Beginning the week of March 20–26, 2022, the Omicron BA.2 variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, became the predominant circulating variant in the United States, accounting for >50% of sequenced isolates.* Data from the COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to describe recent COVID-19–associated hospitalization rates among adults aged ≥18 years during the period coinciding with BA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacteristics and treatment of hospitalized pregnant women with COVID-19.
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM
November 2022
Background: Pregnant women less frequently receive COVID-19 vaccination and are at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes from COVID-19.
Objective: This study aimed to first, describe the vaccination status, treatment, and outcomes of hospitalized, symptomatic pregnant women with COVID-19, and second, estimate whether treatment differs by pregnancy status among treatment-eligible (ie, requiring supplemental oxygen per National Institutes of Health guidelines at the time of the study) women.
Study Design: From January to November 2021, the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network completed medical chart abstraction for a probability sample of 2715 hospitalized women aged 15 to 49 years with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article Synopsis
- Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 cause significant respiratory illness in children, prompting an analysis of hospitalization rates and outcomes among those under 18 years old.
- The study found that the COVID-19 hospitalization rate (48.2 per 100,000) was higher than influenza rates from previous seasons, especially among adolescents aged 12-17.
- While more children with COVID-19 required ICU admission compared to those with influenza, pediatric deaths were rare for both illnesses, indicating COVID-19 adds to the existing burden of severe respiratory illness in children.
On October 29, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration expanded the Emergency Use Authorization for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to children aged 5-11 years; CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' recommendation followed on November 2, 2021.* In late December 2021, the B.1.
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- * Hospitalization rates during the Omicron period surged, peaking at 38.4 per 100,000 adults, significantly higher than the rates during Delta predominance, affecting all demographics regardless of vaccination status.
- * Unvaccinated adults faced 12 times higher hospitalization rates compared to those who received boosters, with non-Hispanic Black adults experiencing nearly four times the hospitalization rates of non-Hispanic White adults, indicating stark racial disparities.
Article Synopsis
- - The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) became the main strain of COVID-19 in the U.S. by late December 2021, leading to a sharp rise in hospitalizations among infants and children aged 0-4, who can't be vaccinated.
- - During the peak of Omicron cases (January 2022), hospitalization rates for this age group reached 14.5 per 100,000, which was about five times higher than when the Delta variant was prevalent.
- - A significant 63% of hospitalized infants and children had no prior health conditions, and infants under 6 months made up 44% of the cases, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies, including vaccination
The first U.S. case of COVID-19 attributed to the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) was reported on December 1, 2021 (1), and by the week ending December 25, 2021, Omicron was the predominant circulating variant in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Describe population-based rates and risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (ie, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, or death) among hospitalized children.
Methods: During March 2020 to May 2021, the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network identified 3106 children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in 14 states. Among 2293 children primarily admitted for COVID-19, multivariable generalized estimating equations generated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between demographic and medical characteristics abstracted from medical records and severe COVID-19.
In mid-June 2021, B.1.671.
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- Racial and ethnic minority groups have been significantly impacted by COVID-19, experiencing higher rates of severe cases, including hospitalization and death, compared to non-Hispanic White individuals.
- A study analyzed data from 99 US counties, focusing on hospitalized COVID-19 patients between March 2020 and February 2021, examining the outcomes by race and ethnicity.
- Results showed that minority groups such as American Indian or Alaska Native, Latino, Black, and Asian or Pacific Islander individuals had considerably increased rates of hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality compared to White individuals.
Article Synopsis
- COVID-19 can cause serious health issues in children and adolescents, despite adults being more frequently hospitalized or dying from the virus.
- * As schools reopen for in-person learning during an uptick in cases from the Delta variant, monitoring COVID-19 impacts on younger populations becomes crucial.
- * Data from March 2020 to August 2021 reveals a significant increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations among children, especially in unvaccinated individuals, highlighting the importance of vaccination and preventative measures in schools to protect this age group.
Article Synopsis
- Clinical trials show that COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in the U.S. (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson) are highly effective against symptomatic disease.
- Real-world studies of over 7,000 patients indicate that these vaccines are particularly effective in preventing hospitalizations among adults aged 65 and older.
- Specifically, vaccine effectiveness rates in preventing hospitalizations during early 2021 ranged from 84% to 96% depending on the vaccine type and age group, highlighting the importance of increasing vaccination coverage among older adults to lower hospitalization risks.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines monthly trends in COVID-19 hospitalizations among U.S. adults from March to December 2020, focusing on clinical outcomes and treatment practices.
- Data was collected from over 116,000 adults hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 across 99 counties in 14 states, showing peak hospitalization rates in December 2020, particularly among older adults and certain minority groups.
- Key findings include an increase in the use of specific treatments like remdesivir and corticosteroids, while rates of ICU admissions and mechanical ventilation decreased over the study period.
Most COVID-19-associated hospitalizations occur in older adults, but severe disease that requires hospitalization occurs in all age groups, including adolescents aged 12-17 years (1). On May 10, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration expanded the Emergency Use Authorization for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to include persons aged 12-15 years, and CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended it for this age group on May 12, 2021.* Before that time, COVID-19 vaccines had been available only to persons aged ≥16 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To determine the patterns and time trends of dental services received and access to dental care among immigrant and US-born children living in the United States.
Methods: We analyzed the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Survey data for 2007-2015. Survey weighted mean and frequency were calculated for all the years and for each year for the complete cohort and for the four subgroups of children categorized based on the child's and parents' birthplace (United States or Foreign).
The original version of this article unfortunately contained the missing author, Caridad Martinez. The authors would like to correct the list. We apologize for any inconvenience that this may have caused.
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