Nanostructured TiO Surface Enriched with CeO over Ti Metal for Enhanced Cytocompatibility and Osseointegration for Biomedical Applications.

The present study aims to analyze the thermal regulation of the Ce/Ce ratio on the nanonetwork titania layer over the titanium (Ti) surface developed by the alkali-mediated surface modification approach. The effect of sequential heat treatment from 200 to 800 °C was evaluated for its surface characteristics such as morphology, phase formation, roughness, hardness, hydrophilicity, etc. Surface oxidation by temperatures up to 600 °C demonstrated a progressive increase in the Ce (CeO) content with a rutile TiO network layer over the Ti surface.

Synergistic effects of calcium and zinc on bio-functionalized 3D Ti cancellous bone scaffold with enhanced osseointegration capacity in rabbit model.

The present research aims to develop a Ca-Zn ion-incorporated surface functionalized 3D Ti cancellous bone scaffold for bone defect repair. The scaffold is designed to mimic human cancellous bone architecture through selective laser melting-based additive manufacturing. The chemical-based surface modification approach employed here created a Ca and Zn ions incorporated nano-porous surface layer with enhanced surface roughness and hydrophilicity.

Lauric acid epigenetically regulates lncRNA HOTAIR by remodeling chromatin H3K4 tri-methylation and modulates glucose transport in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells: Lipid switch in macrophage activation.

Lauric acid (LA) induces apoptosis in cancer and promotes the proliferation of normal cells by maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Earlier, we postulated LA-mediated regulation of the NF-κB pathway by an epigenetic mechanism. However, the molecular mechanism and possible epigenetic events remained enigmatic.

Conservative Management Of Partial-Thickness Scald Burns In Children Using Cultured Allogenic Keratinocyte Spray: Initial Experience Of 18 Patients Treated In An Outpatient Setting.

The objective of this study was to describe our clinical experience with the use of cultured allogeneic keratinocyte (CAK) using a simplified cell delivery method in the treatment of pediatric partial-thickness scald burns treated as outpatients in a Burn Unit. An actuator fitted onto a 3ml syringe was used for cell spray. Eighteen patients having active mixed partial-thickness burn wound areas of <10% total body surface area (TBSA), treated between 2017 and 2019, were included in the study.

Dual Roles of Coconut Oil and Its Major Component Lauric Acid on Redox Nexus: Focus on Cytoprotection and Cancer Cell Death.

It has been reported that coconut oil supplementation can reduce neuroinflammation. However, coconut oils are available as virgin coconut oil (VCO), crude coconut oil (ECO), and refined coconut oil (RCO). The impact of coconut oil extraction process (and its major fatty acid component lauric acid) at cellular antioxidant level, redox homeostasis and inflammation in neural cells is hitherto unexplained.

Abdominoplasty Panniculus as a Source for Human Acellular Dermis: A Preliminary Report.

Background: In extensive deep dermal burn injuries, split-thickness skin graft (STSG) has been the most preferred treatment option for resurfacing burn wounds. A thick split-thickness skin graft is ideal for preventing graft contracture but is associated with delayed donor healing and the lack of adequate donor skin. When applied with STSG, the dermal substitutes offer better-reconstructed skin than STSG alone.

Single injection of very mild dose botulinum toxin in the vastus lateralis improves testicular spermatogenesis and sperm motility in ageing experimental mice.

Background: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a widely used therapeutic agent that blocks the excessive release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Previously, repeated intracremasteric injections and slight overdose of BoNT have been reported to induce adverse effects in the testicular parameter of experimental rodents. However, a mild dose of BoNT is highly beneficial against skin ageing, neuromuscular deficits, overactive urinary bladder problems, testicular pain and erectile dysfunctions.

Cytotoxic cobalt (III) Schiff base complexes: in vitro anti-proliferative, oxidative stress and gene expression studies in human breast and lung cancer cells.

Increasing cancer drug chemo-resistance, especially in the treatment of breast and lung cancers, alarms the immediate need of newer and effective anticancer drugs. Until now, chemotherapeutics based on metal complexes are considered the most effective treatment modality. In the present study, we have evaluated the cytotoxic effect of two cobalt (III) Schiff base complexes based on the leads from complex combinatorial chemistry.

Potential application of two cobalt (III) Schiff base complexes in cancer chemotherapy: Leads from a study using breast and lung cancer cells.

Cobalt (III) Schiff base complexes are of attraction in the context of their potential application in cancer therapy. The aim of this study has been to find the mechanism of action of cobalt (III) Schiff base complexes 1 and 2, the synthesis and characterization of which have already been reported, in inhibiting growth of human breast cancer cell MCF-7 and lung cancer cell A549. The already proclaimed anti-proliferative effect of the cobalt complexes was ascertained using MTT cytotoxicity assay.

and Toxicity Profiles of Hexane Extract of Rhizome in Rat and Cell Line Models.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of crude -hexane extract of rhizome. The acute oral toxicity was evaluated by administering a single oral dose of the extract at 0, 300, or 2000 mg/kg body weight to female Wistar rats according to modified OECD Test Guideline 423. For the cytotoxicity study, A549, HepG2, 3T3, and COS-7 cell lines were exposed to different doses of extract and cell viability was assessed adopting MTT assay followed by AO/EB staining, Hoechst staining, and comet assay with a view to compare the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity, if any.

Upregulation of Cyp19a1 and PPAR-γ in ovarian steroidogenic pathway by Ficus religiosa: A potential cure for polycystic ovary syndrome.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Quite a few plants are in use to treat female infertility and associated problems. Availing the cues from traditional knowledge, phytochemical studies and ethnopharmacological evidences, the aphrodisiac plant Ficus religiosa (F. religiosa) is widely in use to cure infertility in women.

Silica Release from Silane Cross-Linked Gelatin Based Hybrid Scaffold Affects Cell Proliferation.

Earlier, we had reported the synthesis and characterization of star-shaped poly(d,l-lactide)--gelatin (ss-pLG) to improve cell adhesion and proliferation, but the stability of ss-pLG scaffolds remained a persistent issue. Here we show an increase in the stability of ss-pLG using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a covalent cross-linker (h-ss-pLG). The rate of cell proliferation within Hep-G2 cultured h-ss-pLG scaffolds increased until the third day, and afterward it drastically declined.

Antiproliferative and apoptosis-induction studies of 5-hydroxy 3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone in human breast cancer cells MCF-7: an in vitro and in silico approach.

The aim of this study was to find the efficacy of 5-hydroxy 3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone (HTMF), a flavonoid compound isolated from the medicinal plant Lippia nodiflora, in inhibiting the proliferation and inducing apoptosis in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The anti-proliferative effect of the compound HTMF was confirmed using MTT cytotoxicity assay. Increased apoptotic induction by HTMF was demonstrated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) and Hoechst 33258 staining studies.

Molecular mechanisms of tributyltin-induced alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and steroidogenesis in hamster testis: In vivo and in vitro studies.

Tributyltins (TBT) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants that disturb normal endocrine function including gonadal function in humans and marine organisms. TBT was administered through oral route to male Syrian hamsters at daily doses of 50, 100, and 150 ppm/kg for 65 days. Changes in testis morphology, immunohistochemistry of iNOS, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD, cholesterol transport receptor, nuclear receptors, and transcription factors were analyzed.

Tributyltin-mediated hepatic, renal and testicular tissue damage in male Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): a study on impact of oxidative stress.

Organotin compounds are a versatile group of organometallic chemicals that are used in a variety of industrial and agricultural applications. Tributyltin (TBT), a common organotin, brings about severe spermatotoxic and organotoxic effects. However, information about the adverse effects of TBT on liver, kidney and testis is scanty.

Verrucarin A alters cell-cycle regulatory proteins and induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-dependent p38MAPK activation in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.

Verrucarin A (VA), an active constituent of pathogenic fungus Myrothecium verrucaria, which has the ability to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism by which VA exerts its inhibitory potential remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that VA inhibited the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and subsequently induced mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) loss, leading to the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, PARP degradation, and apoptosis.

Verrucarin A induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated EGFR/MAPK/Akt signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

The present study was carried out to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Verrucarin A (VA)-induced cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. VA inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. Elevation of ROS production, associated with changes in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, led to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and cytochrome c release in VA-treated cells.

Apolipoprotein E Induction in Syrian Hamster Testis Following Tributyltin Exposure: A Potential Mechanism of Male Infertility.

Tributyltin (TBT) is a common environmental contaminant used as the active ingredient in many products such as a biocides, wood preservatives, disinfecting agents, and antifouling paints. The TBT is a known endocrine disruptor. The aim of the current investigation was to determine the toxicity of TBT in the reproductive tract of adult male Syrian hamsters and to ascertain whether this compound results in untoward effects on apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipoprotein central to sex hormone synthesis.

Verrucarin A, a protein synthesis inhibitor, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and T47D.

Verrucarin A (VA), a protein synthesis inhibitor, derived from the pathogen fungus Myrothecium verrucaria, inhibits growth of leukemia cell lines and activates caspases and apoptosis and inflammatory signaling in macrophages. We have investigated VA-induced growth inhibition in breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and T47D and, particularly, the mechanism of VA-induced apoptosis. VA treatment brought about apoptotic cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner which was associated with chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation and intracellular ROS production.

Skin-derived multipotent stromal cells--an archrival for mesenchymal stem cells.

Progenitor stem cells have been identified, isolated and characterized in numerous tissues and organs. However, their therapeutic potential and the use of these stem cells remain elusive except for a few progenitor cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, eyes and dental pulp. The use of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is restricted due to their extreme invasive procedures, low differentiation potential with age and rejection.

Comparative investigation of the differentiation capability of bone-marrow- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine. To date, MSCs have been obtained from conventional bone marrow via a highly invasive procedure. Therefore, MSCs are now also isolated from sources such as adipose tissue, cord blood and cord stroma, a subject of growing interest.

In vitro differentiation of human skin-derived multipotent stromal cells into putative endothelial-like cells.

Background: Multipotent stem cells have been successfully isolated from various tissues and are currently utilized for tissue-engineering and cell-based therapies. Among the many sources, skin has recently emerged as an attractive source for multipotent cells because of its abundance. Recent literature showed that skin stromal cells (SSCs) possess mesoderm lineage differentiation potential; however, the endothelial differentiation and angiogenic potential of SSC remains elusive.

Light and electron microscopic observations of fabrication, release, and fate of biphasic secretion granules produced by epididymal epithelial principal cells of the fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana cuvier.

The epididymis of the fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana was examined with light and transmission electron microscopy to understand the cellular mechanisms of fabrication of secretion granules in epithelial principal cells, granule release into the lumen, and the fate of the dense structured granules after reaching the lumen. Principal cells of the ductus epididymis, except at the cauda, secrete electron-dense biphasic granules copiously, which decrease in abundance from the initial segment to corpus. The principal cell possesses a prominent Golgi apparatus and all versions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), rough, smooth, and sparsely granulated.

Ultrastructural evidence for secretion from the epithelium of ampulla ductus deferentis of the fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana Cuvier.

Among reptiles, an ampulla ductus deferentis has been reported only in Squamata. Fairly detailed studies are available only for two species, the lizard Calotes versicolor (Fam: Agamidae) and the snake Seminatrix pygaea (Fam: Colubridae). The light microscopic study on C.

Contribution of the secretory material of caecilian (amphibia: Gymnophiona) male Mullerian gland to motility of sperm: a study in Uraeotyphlus narayani.

Caecilians are a unique group of limbless burrowing amphibians with discontinuous distribution. Several caecilian species are viviparous, and all practice internal fertilization. In amniotic vertebrates the sperm undergo post-testicular physiological maturation when they are initiated into motility under the influence of an epididymal secretion.