Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside from Euphorbia hirta protects against snake Venom induced toxicity.

Background: The plant Euphorbia hirta is widely used against snake envenomations in rural areas and it was proved to be effective in animal models. Therefore, the scientific validation of its phytoconstituents for their antiophidian activity is aimed in the present study.

Methods: E.

Pre-clinical assessment of the effectiveness of modified polyvalent antivenom in the neutralization of Naja naja venom toxicity.

The potency of conventional antivenom (AV) conjugated to soy protein nanoparticles (NPs) (C-AV) was compared with the free AV in neutralizing the systemic toxicity of Naja naja venom. The effective dose (ED ) of AV and C-AV to neutralize the venom-induced toxicity in mice was found to be 19.89 and 9.

Nitrate removal from high strength nitrate-bearing wastes in granular sludge sequencing batch reactors.

A 6-L sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated for development of granular sludge capable of denitrification of high strength nitrates. Complete and stable denitrification of up to 5420 mg L(-1) nitrate-N (2710 mg L(-1) nitrate-N in reactor) was achieved by feeding simulated nitrate waste at a C/N ratio of 3. Compact and dense denitrifying granular sludge with relatively stable microbial community was developed during reactor operation.

Protective effect of Euphorbia hirta and its components against snake venom induced lethality.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Despite the use of snake anti-venom therapy, herbal medicine is still in practice to treat snakebites. Euphorbia hirta is traditionally used as antidote for snakebites and also for numerous other ailments. However, the scientific evidence for its anti-snake venom property is still lacking.

Formulation and characterisation of antibody-conjugated soy protein nanoparticles--implications for neutralisation of snake venom with improved efficiency.

The present study reports the formulation of soy protein nanoparticles and its conjugation to antivenom. The conditions for nanoparticle formation were optimised by considering particle size, count rate, stability and zeta potential. The smallest particle size of 70.

Rapid establishment of p-nitrophenol biodegradation in acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge.

The aim of the study was to investigate the acclimation of precultivated acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge to a toxic xenobiotic biodegradation. Establishment of p-nitrophenol (PNP) biodegradation in acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge and concomitant changes in the microstructure and bacterial community were determined. Rapid establishment of PNP utilization was observed in the granular sludge when fed with PNP as the sole carbon source.