Does Every Strain of Attack the Same? Results of a Study of the Prevalence of Virulence Factors of Strains Obtained from Different Animal Species in Northeastern Poland.

Background: is a pathogen that causes infections in animals and humans, with veterinary implications including ear infections in dogs, respiratory diseases in cats, and mastitis in ruminants. In humans, it causes severe hospital-acquired infections, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. This study aimed to identify and assess the prevalence of specific virulence factors in isolates.

The Effects of Kynurenic Acid in Zebrafish Embryos and Adult Rainbow Trout.

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a metabolite of tryptophan formed on the kynurenine pathway. Its pharmacological effects are relatively well characterized in mammals, whereas its role in fish is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to expand the knowledge of KYNA's presence inside a fish's body and its impact on fish development and function.

The prevalence of in the vaginas of breeding bitches.

Introduction: How bacterial infections of the reproductive tract cause infertility and the correlation between the health status of female dogs and the presence of () in the vagina are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the population in the vagina of breeding bitches and to correlate this microbial population with some fertility outcomes.

Material And Methods: A total of 275 breeding bitches were included in the study.

The Effect of Orally Administered Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation (, ) on the Phagocytic Activity and Oxidative Metabolism of Peripheral Blood Granulocytes and Monocytes in Lambs.

Probiotic feed additives have attracted considerable research interest in recent years because the effectiveness of probiotics can differ across microbial strains and the supplemented macroorganisms. The present study was conducted on 16 lambs divided equally into two groups (C-control and E-experimental). The examined lambs were aged 11 days at the beginning of the experiment and 40 days at the end of the experiment.

Enterovirus E infects bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Implications for pathogenesis?

Introduction: Enterovirus E (EV-E) is a common viral pathogen endemic in cattle worldwide. Little is known, however, about its potential interactions with bovine immune cells.

Material And Methods: The EV-E-permissiveness of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated.

Vaginal aerobic bacteria of healthy bitches and those with fertility problems.

The most common problems in veterinary practice in bitches are bacterial infections of the reproductive tract associated with fertility problems. Research to determine the correlation between the health status of female dogs and bacterial flora of the genital tract has been ongoing for years, but the results obtained by different authors are often contradictory, and do not always concern breeding bitches. Our study identified the most common aerobic bacteria in the genital tract of numerous breeding bitches population.

No indication for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pet ferrets, in five cities in Poland, 2021 - antibody testing among ferrets living with owners infected with SARS-CoV-2 or free of infection.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in China by the end of 2019 and was responsible for a pandemic in the human population that resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the role of animals as spill-over or reservoir hosts was discussed. In addition to cats and dogs, ferrets are becoming increasingly popular as companion animals.

The Genotype and the Expression of , , and Genes in the Adipose Tissue and Brain of Rabbits Fed a Diet with Marigold Flower Extract.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the genotype and dietary supplementation with marigold flower extract on the expression of , , and genes in the adipose tissue and brain of rabbits. The concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol were determined in samples collected from rabbits. Sixty young male Termond White rabbits were allocated to three groups based on their genotype at codon 248 of the gene (ins/ins, ins/del, and del/del).

from Subclinical Cases of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Poland, What Are They Hiding? Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profile.

Bovine mastitis is a common disease worldwide, and staphylococci are one of the most important etiological factors of this disease. show adaptability to new conditions, by which monitoring their virulence and antibiotic resistance mechanisms is extremely important, as it can lead to the development of new therapies and prevention programs. In this study, we analyzed ( = 28) obtained from dairy cattle with subclinical mastitis in Poland.

Does Aleutian Disease Occur among Domestic Ferrets in Poland? Results of Preliminary Studies Conducted in Two Regions of Poland.

Although ferrets are becoming increasingly popular as companion animals, their population in households is still far lower compared to cats or dogs. This results in a much smaller number of ferret specialists, and thus poorer diagnosis of various diseases, including the Aleutian disease. Aleutian disease is a slowly progressing viral disease which can cause different symptoms in these animals.

The Effect of the Genotype on the Expression of Genes Related to Carotenoid, Retinol, and α-Tocopherol Metabolism in Rabbits Fed a Diet with Aztec Marigold Flower Extract.

This study investigated the effect of the genotype and the addition of Aztec marigold flower extract to rabbit diets on the expression of , , , and genes in the liver. The levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol in the liver and blood serum of rabbits, as well as plasma biochemical parameters and serum antioxidant enzyme activities were also determined. Sixty male Termond White growing rabbits were divided into three groups based on their genotype at codon 248 of the gene (ins/ins, ins/del and del/del); each group was divided into two subgroups: one subgroup received a standard diet, and the other subgroup was fed a diet supplemented with 6 g/kg of marigold flower extract.

Antiviral Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin against Enterovirus E.

Enterovirus E (EV-E), a representative of the Picornaviridae family, endemically affects cattle across the world, typically causing subclinical infections. However, under favorable conditions, severe or fatal disorders of the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems may develop. There is no specific treatment for enterovirus infections in humans or animals, and only symptomatic treatment is available.

The influence of maternally derived antibodies on protection against aMPV/A infection in TRT vaccinated turkeys.

Avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV) are a causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT). Despite vaccination, cases of TRT outbreaks are frequently reported. Considering that there are aMPV-free areas, a part of turkey poults possess (MDA+) or do not possess (MDA-) maternally derived antibodies (MDA) in the first weeks of life, which is the time of TRT vaccination.

Streptococci as the new dominant aetiological factors of mastitis in dairy cows in north-eastern Poland: analysis of the results obtained in 2013-2019.

The objective of our study was to evaluate prevalence of selected bacterial and fungal pathogens of mastitis in dairy cattle in north-eastern Poland. Our study was conducted from 2013 to 2019 in 1,665 clinically and sub-clinically infected quarter milk samples (2013, n = 368; 2014, n = 350; 2015, n = 290; 2016, n = 170; 2017, n = 173; 2018, n = 224; and 2019, n = 90). The isolation and identification of the pathogens were performed in keeping with generally accepted microbiological procedures.

Nisin-A lantibiotic with immunomodulatory properties: A review.

Nisin, a member of class I bacteriocins known as lantibiotics, is produced by the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis and is characterized by a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. This characteristic in conjunction with its low toxicity and safety of use in food has contributed to the worldwide success of nisin as a natural food preservative. This lantibiotic has attracted interest as a potential natural therapeutic agent for the control of bacterial infections.

The influence of dietary supplementation with the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the chemotaxis, phagocytosis and respiratory burst of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in calves.

Background: A healthy immune system plays a particularly important role in newborns, including in calves that are far more susceptible to infections (viral, bacterial and other) than adult individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of HMB on the chemotactic activity (MIGRATEST® kit), phagocytic activity (PHAGOTEST® kit) and oxidative burst (BURSTTEST® kit) of monocytes and granulocytes in the peripheral blood of calves by flow cytometry.

Results: An analysis of granulocyte and monocyte chemotactic activity and phagocytic activity revealed significantly higher levels of phagocytic activity in calves administered HMB than in the control group, expressed in terms of the percentage of phagocytising cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI).

Immunosuppressive influence of Anguillid herpesvirus-1 (AngHV-1) infection on cellular defense mechanisms in European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a catadromous fish with a complicated life cycle. The long-term impact of anthropopressure, environmental pollution and diseases have led to a risk of extinction. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of Anguillid herpesvirus-1 infection on the innate immunity of European eel from natural conditions.

The applicability of the Migratest® kit for evaluating the chemotactic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in goats on the example of animals supplemented with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB).

The objective of this study was to determine the applicability of the Migratest® kit for evaluating the chemotactic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in goats. The experiment was performed on 14 goat kids aged 30±2 days, divided into two groups of 7 animals each: C - control group, and E - experimental group, supplemented with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a typical immunostimulant which influences the phagocytic activity of peripheral neutrophils. The feed administered to experimental goat kids was supplemented with HMB at 40 mg/kg BW, whereas control goat kids were administered standard farm-made feed without supplementation.

The Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on Chemotaxis, Phagocytosis, and Oxidative Burst of Peripheral Blood Granulocytes and Monocytes in Goats.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the chemotactic activity, phagocytic activity, and oxidative metabolism of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in goats. Goat kids aged 30 ± 3 days were divided into two groups of 12 animals each: I-control, and II-experimental. Experimental group animals were fed a diet supplemented with HMB in the amount of 50 mg/Kg BW; whereas the diets of control goats were not supplemented.

Diurnal and circadian variations in intraocular pressure in goats exposed to different lighting conditions.

The effect of constant light and constant darkness on intraocular pressure (IOP) in goats has not been investigated. We hypothesized that IOP variations would differ between goats kept under a cycle of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness (LD), constant darkness (DD), and constant light (LL). To test this hypothesis, goats were exposed to these conditions for five days (LD, 30 goats; DD, 10 goats; LL, 10 goats).