Polymorphisms in the Bovine Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor Type Two Gene (TNF-RII) and Cell Subpopulations Naturally Infected with Bovine Leukaemia Virus.

Introduction: Numerous mutations in the bovine tumour necrosis factor receptor type two (TNF-RII) gene have been identified, but their biological consequences remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphism in the analysed loci of the bovine TNF-RII gene is linked with the size of cell subpopulations naturally infected with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) which serve important immune functions in the host.

Material And Methods: Samples originated from 78 cows.

Genome-wide association study for host response to bovine leukemia virus in Holstein cows.

The mechanisms of leukemogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and the processes underlying the phenomenon of differential host response to BLV infection still remain poorly understood. The aim of the study was to screen the entire cattle genome to identify markers and candidate genes that might be involved in host response to bovine leukemia virus infection. A genome-wide association study was performed using Holstein cows naturally infected by BLV.

Polymorphism and expression of the tumor necrosis factor receptor II gene in cows infected with the bovine leukemia virus.

A single T>C nucleotide polymorphism (rs42686850) of bovine tumor necrosis factor receptor type II gene (TNF-RII) is located within a sequence with allele-specific affinity to bind E2F transcription factors, considered pivotal in the regulation of cell cycle and cell proliferation. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of this SNP and BLV infection on the TNF-RII gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We noted that analyzed TNF-RII gene polymorphism influenced the expression of the TNF-RII gene at the mRNA level but only in BLV-positive cows.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) gene polymorphism and expression of membrane-bound TNFα protein on CD11b+ and IgM+ cells in cows naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus.

The aim of this study was to determine whether SNP at position -824 (promoter region) of the TNFα gene significantly differentiates the size of IgM+, CD5+ and CD11b+ cell subpopulations and affects the expression of membrane-bound TNFα protein (mTNFα) on these cells and their susceptibility to BLV infections. In this study, significant differences were determined for the first time between TNFα genotypes and the percentage of cells with the CD11b+TNFα+p24+ immunophenotype. Furthermore, greater expansion of lymphocytes with the IgM+TNFα+p24+ immunophenotype was reported in cows with the G/G genotype than in A/A homozygotes.

Sequence analysis of the regulatory region of the TNF-RII gene in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (TNF-RII) is a surface glycoprotein that can form a complex with TNF-α and participate in the body's immune response. Functions of TNF-RII are impaired in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. We analyzed sequences in the regulatory region of the TNF-RII gene in cattle.

Kinetic study of the phase-transfer catalytic epoxidation of 1,4-bis(allyloxy)butane.

The epoxidation of 1,4-bis(allyloxy)butane (DiBan) with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant in the presence of o-phosphoric acid and sodium tungstate as an epoxidation catalyst was carried out in an organic solvent/aqueous solution two-phase medium. A few different phase-transfer catalysts were used in the process. The effect of the stirring speed, nature of solvent, the type of PT catalyst and molar ratio of H(2)O(2):DiBan, DiBan:Na(2)WO(4):H(3)PO(4) on the DiBan conversion as the function of time was studied.

Polymorphism in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene in cattle herds naturally infected and uninfected with the bovine leukemia virus.

The objective of this study was to describe and compare the genetic structure (TNF-alpha -position 824) of dairy cattle herds infected and not infected with the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The results of the present study indicate that BLV-positive herds were characterized by similar genetic structure (TNF-alpha -824A/G). The genetic equilibrium in these herds was preserved, but a tendency to increased frequency of G/G homozygotes was found.

Prion protein gene polymorphism and blood lymphocyte profile in cows naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus.

The polymorphic loci of the bovine prion protein (PRNP) gene, comprising 23-bp insertion/deletion (23-bp indel) within the promoter sequence and 12-bp insertion/deletion (12-bp indel) within the intron 1 sequence, are located in regions which play a key role in gene expression. The objective of this study was to determine whether the 23-bp and 12-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism within the PRNP gene leads to significant differences in the blood lymphocyte profile and to investigate changes in the composition of these cells in cattle naturally infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus. An analysis of the effect of the bovine PRNP gene polymorphism on the blood lymphocyte profile revealed considerable differences between animals with the 23-bp indel genotypes, and small and statistically non-significant differences between those with the 12-bp indel genotypes.

Leukocyte acid phosphatase and metabolic efficiency of phagocytes in the first lactation trimester of cows from a leukaemic herd.

In Black-and-White cattle, polymorphism of acid phosphatase (AcP) of blood leukocytes is determined by a pair of autosomal alleles. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between AcP polymorphism and the metabolic efficiency of phagocytes in the first months after calving of cows naturally infected with the bovine leukaemia virus. The studied population consisted of 91 Black-and-White cows aged 3-6 years, from one herd.

Microglial activation with atypical proinflammatory cytokine expression in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Microglial activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Among the many components of this reaction, cytokines have been proposed as candidates to mediate neurodegenerative or neuroprotective effects. We investigated the interleukin-1 system and tumour necrosis factor-alpha mRNA and protein levels at different time intervals in the subacute intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD, in parallel with the inflammatory response.

Painless stress fractures in diabetic neuropathic feet.

We describe two patients with diabetes mellitus and associated neuropathy, who presented with painless foot swelling and no history of trauma. X-Rays revealed recent underlying fractures-in one of a metatarsus, and the other of a proximal phalanx. These were assumed to be 'stress' fractures unassociated with pain because of the severe sensory neuropathy.

Targeted screening for diabetes in community chiropody clinics.

Population screening for diabetes mellitus is of uncertain value. We therefore assessed the value of screening amongst community chiropody clinic attenders in Liverpool. All attenders aged between 40 and 75 years during a 3-month period were offered screening by urine glucose self-testing, 2 hours post-prandially, backed up with glucose tolerance tests (GTT) for positive respondents.

Genetic and non-genetic determination of repeatability of blood and milk indices in black-and-white cows.

A herd of cows of the same age, kept in a stable system under controlled environmental conditions, was used to estimate the repeatability of diagnostic blood and milk indices in several stages of the I, II and III lactation. Attention was paid to genetic and non-genetic sources of phenotypic variation. Statistically significant values of the regression coefficient were found for the following milk parameters: fat and protein content, milk density, calcium, potassium and lysozyme levels, as well as the following blood parameters: leucocytes' number, lymphocytes and neutrophils number, uric acid content, leucocytes acid phosphatase activity, lysozyme and blood serum alkaline phosphatase activity.

[Polymorphism of acid phosphatase in peripheral blood leukocytes and the hematological and immunological indicators in young bulls of different age].

Studies were carried out on 47 bulls. Determination of polymorphism and the level of analysed indices was performed three times every three months. Statistically significant changes in the level of hematological and immunological indices caused by the growth and development of the examined animals were observed.