Quality control of cardiac MRI for tetralogy of Fallot: Combination of standard measurements and physiological analysis to detect invalid examinations.

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the key examination for patients with tetralogy of Fallot, but it remains challenging. The MRI report should at least mention left (L) and right (R) ventricle end-diastole volumes (V), ejection fraction (EF) and pulmonary regurgitation (PR). These variables are linked by basic physiology rules and (V × EF)L=(V × EF)R(1-PR).

Concomitant human infections with 2 cowpox virus strains in related cases, France, 2011.

We investigated 4 related human cases of cowpox virus infection reported in France during 2011. Three patients were infected by the same strain, probably transmitted by imported pet rats, and the fourth patient was infected by another strain. The 2 strains were genetically related to viruses previously isolated from humans with cowpox infection in Europe.