[Laparoscopic nephrectomies and kidney resections in children].

Objective: To present the experience of laparoscopic nephrectomies and kidney resections in children.

Material And Methods: There were 28 minimally invasive surgeries for renal tumors between July 2015 and March 2023 (92 months). There were 16 (57%) boys and 12 (43%) girls who underwent 22 nephrectomies and 6 kidney resections.

SPECIFICS OF PRESCRIBING ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION.

HIV infection is one of the most acute problems of our time, characterized by slow development, prolonged course, and numerous clinical manifestations. Currently, there is a large number of drugs acting on different processes of human immunodeficiency virus replication, which constitute the group of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This article shows a theoretical review of modern HAART and analyzes the prescribed treatment regimens for patients with HIV infection.

EFFECT OF CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF LOW DOSES OF POLYPEPTIDES OF CATTLE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND METHIONYL-GLUTAMYL-HISTIDYL-PHENYLALANYL-PROLYL-GLYCYL-PROLINE ON BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES OF RAT OFFSPRING.

In the modern world, anyone is susceptible to the effects of stress, regardless of age, gender, culture, and social status. Stress at an early age accelerates long-term changes in the functional properties underlying emotional perception and therefore may alter the stress response later in life. Unfortunately, the interdisciplinary approach in stress research emphasised the study of stress phenomenon in the development of this or that pathology or manifestation of appropriate reactions under the influence of this or that factor, i.

EFFECT OF SOME IMMUNOMODULATORY DRUGS ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF DANIO RERIO FISH.

At the current stage of healthcare development, the inclusion of immunomodulators in the complex pharmacotherapy of various immunoinflammatory and viral diseases is widely discussed, but due to the lack of sufficient research and a broad evidence base, not all drugs with similar properties are used in medicine. According to the information obtained from the instructions for the use of immunomodulators, it was obtained that the main contraindications to their use include the prescription of children, pregnant women, and women during breastfeeding. In this study, we evaluated the effects of immunomodulatory drugs: aminodihydrophthalazindione sodium and meglumine acridonacetate, on the early developmental stages of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) embryos.

[Autologous kidney transplantation in a high-risk patient with locally advanced retroperitoneal neuroblastoma].

Surgery of locally advanced neuroblastoma with risk factors is one of the most difficult in pediatric surgery. Incidence of nephrectomy during subtotal or complete tumor resection is higher due to common involvement of renal vessels. We present a patient with locally advanced retroperitoneal neuroblastoma who underwent heterotopic kidney autotransplantation.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF SOME HEPATOPROTECTORS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED MAFLD IN ADULT WISTAR RATS.

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic diseases characterized by increased fat accumulation in the liver and metabolic dysfunction. MAFLD is now taking on the character of a pandemic. In addition to dietary therapy and physical activity, hepatoprotectors are included in the pharmacotherapy of MAFLD.

NEURODEGENERATION AND NMDA.

The N-methyl D-aspartate receptor is one of the key receptors in the human brain. As a result of radioligand analysis, it was found that the highest density of this receptor is located in the hippocampus, striatum, cortex, and amygdala. Associative memory, learning, and synaptic density are all directly related to the effective functioning of the NMDA receptor.

INFLUENCE OF PROFICIENCY OF SYNTHETIC FOLIC ACID ON THE NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS OF RATS.

It has long been known about the need for folic acid for the vital activity of both macro-and micro-organisms. It is necessary for the processes of methylation, nucleotide synthesis and also the formation of methionine and reducing the toxic effect of homocysteine. The addition of synthetic folic acid to the diet of pregnant women, as well as at the stage of pre-pregnancy preparation, significantly reduces the risks of fetal neural tube defects, heart defects, and possibly other organs and systems of the body.

A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF THE USE OF DANIO RERIO (ZEBRAFISH) AS A MODEL OBJECT IN PRECLINICAL STUDIES.

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) as a model object in preclinical studies have been widely used in recent years. This is facilitated by their morphological, physiological, biochemical, genetic, and embryological characteristics, as well as economic benefits and small-time costs of their breeding. The aim is to summarize the available data on the use of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) in preclinical studies.

Presenting features of neuroblastoma with spinal canal invasion. A prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe - Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN).

Introduction: Between 5 and 15% of children with neuroblastoma (NB) present with or develop spinal canal invasion (SCI). The majority of these children have symptoms of epidural compression of spinal cord and/or spinal nerves. Treatment of NB-SCI is considered an emergency but its modalities are not yet well-established.

Asphericity of tumor [ I]mIBG uptake as a prognostic factor in high-risk neuroblastoma.

Background: In recent years, many research groups have attempted to identify a subgroup of "ultra-high risk" patients within the high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) category. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of parameters derived from pretherapeutic I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([ I]mIBG) integrated single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography in high-risk patients with NB.

Methods: The established parameters metabolic tumor volume (MTV), maximal standardized uptake value (SUV ) and the novel parameter tumor asphericity as well as clinical (age, stage) and genetic factors (1p/11q deletions and MYCN amplification) were analyzed in this single-center retrospective study of high-risk patients with newly diagnosed NB.

Infants and Newborns with Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors (ATRT) and Extracranial Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors (eMRT) in the EU-RHAB Registry: A Unique and Challenging Population.

Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) predominantly affect infants and young children. Patients below six months of age represent a particularly therapeutically challenging group. Toxicity to developing organ sites limits intensity of treatment.

Analysis of future liver remnant parameters in children after extended liver resection.

Objective: To analyze the initial data on future liver remnant volume and its function evaluated by Tc-Bromesida hepatobiliary scintigraphy in children with liver tumors.

Material And Methods: Extended liver resections were performed in 58 patients aged 2 months - 208 months (median 26 months) for various neoplasms. Before hepatectomy, all children underwent contrast-enhanced CT with volumetry and hepatobiliary scintigraphy with Tc-Bromezida and subsequent quantitative assessment of its accumulation in the future liver remnant.

Salivary gland carcinoma in children and adolescents: The EXPeRT/PARTNER diagnosis and treatment recommendations.

Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are rare during childhood and adolescence. Consequently, no standardized recommendations for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of pediatric SGC are available, and pediatric oncologists and surgeons generally follow adult guidelines. Complete surgical resection with adequate margins constitutes the cornerstone of treatment.

Pancreatoblastoma in children: EXPeRT/PARTNER diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.

Pancreatoblastoma (PBL) is a rare malignant epithelial neoplasm that affects typically young children. Signs related to advanced upper-abdominal tumor accompanied by elevated serum α-fetoprotein levels in a young child suggest PBL, however histopathological confirmation is mandatory. The mainstay of the treatment is a complete surgical resection.

THYROID STATUS: IS IT POSSIBLE TO RESTORE MYELIN?

The number of demyelinating diseases of central nervous system are prone to grow nowadays. The most socially significant and well studied one is multiple sclerosis. The search of susbstances that would stop demyelinisation or reinforce the process of remyelination is in great request.

Clinical and genetic risk factors define two risk groups of extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumours (eMRT/RTK).

Introduction: Extracranial rhabdoid tumours are rare, highly aggressive malignancies primarily affecting young children. The EU-RHAB registry was initiated in 2009 to prospectively collect data of rhabdoid tumour patients treated according to the EU-RHAB therapeutic framework.

Methods: We evaluated 100 patients recruited within EU-RHAB (2009-2018).

Survival and prognostic factors for childhood malignant liver tumors: analysis of harmonized clinical data.

Background: Despite overall striking advances in survival of childhood liver tumors, outcomes remain poor for specific patient segments. We aimed to assess overall survival (OS) of this rare disease and evaluate the generalizability of prognostic variables included in international collaborative systems using, for the first time, harmonized clinical data from two geographically different cohorts (Greece and Moscow).

Methods: Data for children (0-14 years) with liver tumors were retrieved from two Southern-Eastern European areas (Greece; 2001-2019 and Moscow; 2012-2019).

[Liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma in children].

Objective: To improve the outcomes in children with hepatoblastoma.

Material And Methods: There were 160 children with focal liver lesions who underwent surgery at the department of liver transplantation in 2008-2019. Patients with malignant tumors made up 77% (=123).

A minimally invasive first stage of ALPPS for hepatoblastoma in a child.

Large and giant tumors, especially hepatoblastomas, are more frequently presented in pediatric patients. At about two-third of hepatoblastomas at the time of diagnosis are unresectable and liver transplantation is considered as a treatment of choice because of insufficient future liver remnant volume. In selected cases, 2-staged hepatectomy may be the unique chance for curative resection except hepatectomy followed by liver replacement.

Gene rearrangements in consecutive series of pediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors.

Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are exceptionally rare neoplasms, which are often driven by rearranged tyrosine kinases.

Methods: This study considered 33 consecutive patients with IMT (median age, 6.6; age range, 0.

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: A safe treatment option for intraperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma in children below 5 years of age.

Advanced and relapsed intraperitoneal rhabdomyosarcomas in young children represent an oncological challenge and options for local tumor control are limited. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is commonly used in advanced peritoneal tumors in adults. However, no studies are available regarding CRS and HIPEC in young children.