Clinical and Translational Landscape of Viral Gene Therapies.

Gene therapies hold significant promise for treating previously incurable diseases. A number of gene therapies have already been approved for clinical use. Currently, gene therapies are mostly limited to the use of adeno-associated viruses and the herpes virus.

Biologics-based technologies for highly efficient and targeted RNA delivery.

The demand for RNA-based therapeutics is increasing globally. However, their use is hampered by the lack of safe and effective delivery vehicles. Here, we developed technologies for highly efficient delivery of RNA cargo into programmable extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles (EMNVs) by fabricating hybrid EMNV-liposomes (Hybs).

Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Basic Drug Delivery.

Biomimetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) are innovative nanovehicles that replicate the properties of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles, facilitating highly efficient drug delivery across biological barriers to target organs and tissues while ensuring maximal biocompatibility and minimal-to-no toxicity. BMNPs can be utilized for the delivery of therapeutic payloads and for imparting novel properties to other nanotechnologies based on organic and inorganic materials. The application of specifically modified biological membranes for coating organic and inorganic nanoparticles has the potential to enhance their therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility, presenting a promising pathway for the advancement of drug delivery technologies.

Basic Guide for Approaching Drug Delivery with Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural carriers of biomolecules that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and tissue homeostasis under normal and pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. Since the discovery of the pro-regenerative and immune-modulating properties of EVs, EV-based therapeutics have entered clinical trials for conditions such as myocardial infarction and autoimmune diseases, among others. Due to their unique advantages-such as superior bioavailability, substantial packaging capacity, and the ability to traverse biological barriers-EVs are regarded as a promising platform for targeted drug delivery.

Saponin is Essential for the Isolation of Proteins and RNA from Biological Nanoparticles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), biomimetics, and other biological nanoparticles (BNs) produced from human cells are gaining increasing attention in the fields of molecular diagnostics and nanomedicine for the delivery of therapeutic cargo. In particular, BNs are considered prospective delivery vehicles for different biologics, including protein and RNA therapeutics. Moreover, EVs are widely used in molecular diagnostics for early detection of disease-associated proteins and RNA.

mA Methylation in Regulation of Antiviral Innate Immunity.

The epitranscriptomic modification mA is a prevalent RNA modification that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various aspects of RNA metabolism. It has been found to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes and disease states. Of particular interest is the role of mA machinery and modifications in viral infections, serving as an evolutionary marker for distinguishing between self and non-self entities.

The menace of severe adverse events and deaths associated with viral gene therapy and its potential solution.

Over the past decade, in vivo gene replacement therapy has significantly advanced, resulting in market approval of numerous therapeutics predominantly relying on adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV). While viral vectors have undeniably addressed several critical healthcare challenges, their clinical application has unveiled a range of limitations and safety concerns. This review highlights the emerging challenges in the field of gene therapy.

Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of 9-Phenylfascaplysin and Its Analogs.

Based on the results of our own preliminary studies, the derivative of the marine alkaloid fascaplysin containing a phenyl substituent at C-9 was selected to evaluate the therapeutic potential in vivo and in vitro. It was shown that this compound has outstandingly high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains in vitro. The presence of a substituent at C-9 of the framework is of fundamental importance, since its replacement to neighboring positions leads to a sharp decrease in the selectivity of the antibacterial action, which indicates the presence of a specific therapeutic target in bacterial cells.

[Direct assessment of changes in biomechanical properties of the cornea after ReLEx SMILE and FemtoLASIK surgeries].

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to evaluate corneal biomechanical properties in myopic patients after ReLEx SMILE and FemtoLASIK surgeries using the Corvis ST analyzer.

Material And Methods: The SMILE group comprised 23 patients (46 eyes) with spherical refraction -3.8±1.

[A new approach in the compression therapy of postoperative scars].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of compression therapy with a prolonged plaster of Contractubex in the formation of skin scarring in children after surgery.

Material And Methods: In a prospective open-label randomized trial, 109 patients aged 5.3±2.

[The complications of intestinal stoma in children].

Aim: To investigate the complications of intestinal stoma in children and to develop measures for decrease of their incidence.

Material And Methods: The study included 152 children with congenital and acquired gastrointestinal pathology requiring surgical treatment with the imposition of intestinal stoma. Atresia of intestinal tube was observed in 28 (18.

Ultraviolet thermal lensing detection of amino acids.

Thermal lensing (TL) permits ultra-sensitive measurements of optical absorption of analytes in very small liquid volumes. We report the construction and use of a TL detector based on pulsed ultraviolet (UV) laser excitation (266 nm). We applied this detector to quantitate amino acids using capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a means of separation.

Infrared intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy with a continuous-scan Fourier-transform interferometer.

High-quality broadband infrared high-resolution spectra were obtained by use of the intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy technique with a Ti:sapphire laser in combination with a continuous-scan Fourier-transform (FT) interferometer. With electronic filtering used to smooth out the fluctuations of the laser power, the absorption of atmospheric water vapor in the range of 12,450-12,700 cm(-1) was recorded at a resolution of 0.05 cm(-1).

High-sensitivity intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy with vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers.

We report the demonstration of high-sensitivity intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy with multiple-quantum-well vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (VECSEL's). A detection limit of 3 x 10(-10) cm (-1) has been achieved. The spectrotemporal dynamics of a VECSEL in the 1030-nm wavelength region has been studied.

Detection of separated analytes in subnanoliter volumes using coaxial thermal lensing.

A collinear-beam thermal lens detector has been constructed and its properties were characterized. Its application to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of a mixture of five anthraquinone dyes dissolved in water shows a linear response over 3.5 orders of magnitude and a detection limit that is subnanomolar in the dye concentrations.

Applications of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to high precision isotope ratio measurement of 13C/12C in carbon dioxide.

Recent measurements of carbon isotopes in carbon dioxide using near-infrared, diode-laser-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) are presented. The CRDS system achieved good precision, often better than 0.2 per thousand, for 4% CO2 concentrations, and also achieved 0.

Novel detection of aerosols: combined cavity ring-down and fluorescence spectroscopy.

High fluences inside cavity ring-down spectroscopy optical resonators lend themselves to fluorescence or Raman spectroscopy. An instrument at 488 nm was developed to measure extinction, and fluorescence of aerosols. A detection limit of 6 x 10;-9 cm;-1Hz;-1/2 (0.

Moving beyond traditional UV-visible absorption detection: cavity ring-down spectroscopy for HPLC.

We describe the use of liquid-phase continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy for the detection of an HPLC separation. This technique builds on earlier work by Snyder and Zare using pulsed laser sources and improves upon commercially available UV-visible detectors by a factor of up to 50. The system employs a compact doubled-diode single-mode continuous-wave laser operating at 488 nm and a previously described Brewster's-angle flow cell.

High-sensitivity time-resolved intracavity laser Fourier transform spectroscopy with vertical-cavity surface-emitting multiple-quantum-well lasers.

Spectra composed of hundreds of time components for absorption path lengths of up to 130 km have been recorded near 1050 nm by combination of two recent techniques, intracavity laser spectroscopy with vertical external cavity surface-emitting multiple-quantum-well lasers and time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopy. A sensitivity of 1 x 10(-10) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) is achieved for 10(4) simultaneously acquired spectral elements, 3 orders of magnitude better than the sensitivity obtained in previous similar experiments. Specific advantages of the method, especially for frequency and intensity metrology of weak absorption transitions, are discussed.

[Bone marrow hematopoiesis in leptospirosis and its role in anemia pathogenesis].

Sternal biopsy was made for and the dynamics of medullary hemopoiesis was examined in 20 patients with leptospirosis caused by L. icterohaemorragiae, L. canicola and L.

Effects of laser phase noise on the injection of a high-finesse cavity.

We study the response of a high-finesse optical cavity to a cw laser during the laser frequency passage through resonance. For a laser that is spectraly larger than the cavity resonance, laser-field phase fluctuations are converted into amplitude fluctuations, and cavity injection is intrinsically noisy. We develop a model based on Schawlow-Townes spontaneous-emission laser broadening and discuss in detail its effects on high-sensitivity spectroscopic techniques such as cavity-enhanced absorption or cavity ring-down spectroscopy.

Stable isotope ratios using cavity ring-down spectroscopy: determination of 13C/12C for carbon dioxide in human breath.

We have constructed a cavity ring-down spectrometer employing a near-IR external cavity diode laser capable of measuring 13C/12C isotopic ratios in CO2 in human breath. The system, which has a demonstrated minimum detectable absorption loss of 3.2 x 10(-11) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2), determines the isotopic ratio of 13C16O16O/12C16O16O by measuring the intensities of rotationally resolved absorption features of each species.

Jet-discharge cavity ring-down spectroscopy of ionized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: progress in testing the PAH hypothesis for the diffuse interstellar band problem.

Naphthalene cations (C10H+8) were produced in a slit jet coupled with an electronic discharge, and cavity ring down was used to obtain its absorption spectrum in the region 645-680 nm. Two of the strongest C10H+8 bands previously characterized by matrix isolation spectroscopy were found, both with a fractional blue shift of about 0.5%.

Intensity Measurements and Collision-Broadening Coefficients for the Oxygen A Band Measured by Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy.

High-sensitivity, high-resolution intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) has been used to measure line intensities, nitrogen-broadening coefficients, and self-broadening coefficients in the A band (b(1)Sigma(+)(g) <-- X(3)Sigma(-)(g)) of oxygen. Both linear cavity and ring cavity ICLAS configurations were used for these measurements, and the results were intercompared. The results were compared to values measured using long-path multiple-reflection cells by K.