Macrophage differentiation from embryoid bodies derived from human embryonic stem cells.

Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors by co-culture on murine feeders such as OP9 and S17. These CD34+ progenitors can be further differentiated into several cells of the hematopoietic lineage including macrophages. However, co-culture on murine feeders is time consuming and involves extensive manipulations.

Generation of T lineage cells from human embryonic stem cells in a feeder free system.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have the potential to revolutionize certain medical treatments, including T-cell-based therapies. However, optimal approaches to develop T cells from hESC are lacking. In this report, we show that T-cell progenitors can be derived from hESC cultured as embryoid bodies (EBs).

T lineage differentiation from human embryonic stem cells.

Harnessing the ability of genetically manipulated human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to differentiate into appropriate lineages could revolutionize medical practice. These cells have the theoretical potential to develop into all mature cell types; however, the actual ability to develop into all hematopoietic lineages has not been demonstrated. Using sequential in vitro coculture on murine bone marrow stromal cells, and engraftment into human thymic tissues in immunodeficient mice, we demonstrate that hESC can differentiate through the T lymphoid lineage.

Progressive spastic myelopathy in a patient co-infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-II: autoantibodies to the human homologue of rig in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

Objective: Human T-cell leukemia virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) are closely related human retroviruses. HTLV-I has been implicated in a chronic progressive myelopathy, known as tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). We sought to determine whether autoantibodies to brain antigens were present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with chronic progressive spastic myelopathy with evidence of both HIV-1 infection and HTLV-I/II seropositivity.

The rheumatoid factor reactivity of a human IgG monoclonal autoantibody is encoded by a variant V kappa II L chain gene.

To determine the genetic and molecular basis for rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibody reactivity in patients with destructive, erosive arthritis, we established a human lymphoblastoid cell line (hRF-1) from a patient with polyarthritis that produced an IgG RF mAb, mAb hRF-1. Studies of isolated H and L chains showed that the specificity of RF reactivity is conferred by mAb hRF-1 L chains. The L chain gene was cloned from a cDNA library prepared from hRF-1 cells.

A conserved anti-DNA antibody idiotype associated with nephritis in murine and human systemic lupus erythematosus.

In order to identify unique structural features of pathogenic autoantibodies to DNA in SLE, a murine anti-anti-DNA (anti-Id) mAb (mAb 1C7) was produced in response to immunization of lupus mice with a syngeneic anti-DNA mAb (mAb 3E10). Immunization of lupus mice with mAb 3E10 inhibited production of native anti-DNA antibodies, suppressed development of lupus kidney disease (nephritis), and induced production of anti-anti-DNA (anti-Id) antibodies. mAb 1C7 bound F(ab')2 fragments of mAb 3E10, and it bound other murine anti-DNA mAb, but not murine mAb or polyclonal serum antibodies unreactive with DNA.

GM-CSF induces human neutrophil IgA-mediated phagocytosis by an IgA Fc receptor activation mechanism.

Immunoglobulin A is the primary immunoglobulin isotype in tears, saliva, breast milk and other mucosal secretions, constituting between 6% and 15% of the total serum immunoglobulins. Human peripheral blood neutrophils have IgA receptors, but these cells do not normally participate in IgA-mediated phagocytosis. The haematopoietic factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prime neutrophils to be more responsive to a variety of stimuli.

Characterization of mouse and human monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with SLE serum antibodies to guanosine.

Two new monoclonal antibodies, one a mouse IgM and the other a human IgM that reacted with guanosine, were compared to human serum antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The human monoclonal antibody was polyspecific in its binding to the nucleoside bases, whereas the mouse monoclonal antibody was relatively specific for guanosine when compared by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Neither antibody bound polyguanylic acid or denatured single-stranded (ss) DNA, however.

Effect of methylprednisolone on the production of neutrophil migration inhibition factor by T lymphocytes (NIF-T).

Glucocorticoids may suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting lymphocyte mediator production or reducing the responsiveness of target cells to these mediators. Our laboratory recently described a newly recognized T-lymphocyte mediator, neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T-lymphocytes (NIF-T). In this report we assessed the effect of glucocorticoids on NIF-T activity.

Impaired cellular interactions involving lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and ataxia-telangiectasia.

Abnormal cellular interactions between T and B lymphocytes were identified in patients with CLL and AT. The system employed utilized the detection of a newly recognized lymphokine, NIF-T. This mediator is produced by T lymphocytes as a result of the interaction between T and B cells.

Effect of corticosteroids on the response of lymphocytes to stimulation by galactose oxidase-modified lymphocytes.

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparations, after treatment by neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase, stimulated untreated lymphocytes. The increases in tritiated thymidine incorporation in the responder lymphocytes were observed after 48 h of mixed cell cultures. Monocytedepleted lymphocyte preparations were equally effective stimulator cells.

Human lymphocyte subpopulations: rosette formation with sheep, human and horse red blood cells.

Rosette formation between human lymphocytes and horse red blood cells could be promoted by a low pH medium, overnight incubation and a temperature of 4 degrees C. The percent of sheep, horse and human rosette-forming cells in the peripheral blood were 71.7 +/- 1.

Lymphocyte subpopulations: analysis of T-cell rosette characters.

The data indicated that 2 populations of thymocytes existed: immature and mature types, identifiable by their rosette characters. The immature type was capable of changing spontaneously to the mature type, but was partially suppressed in vivo by the high concentration of thymic hormone present in the intrathymic environment. The mature types of thymocytes emigrated to the peripheral organ, accounting for their high percentage of small rosettes.