Predictors of IgG Seropositivity and Cranial Ultrasound Patterns among Children with Hydrocephalus.

Background: infection during pregnancy is associated with serious neonatal complications, including hydrocephalus. In many high-income countries, screening and treatment during the antenatal period are routinely carried out to prevent associated complications, whereas in most low-income countries, there is no routine screening of during pregnancy. Despite the parasite being common in Tanzania, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence of and cranial ultrasound patterns among children with hydrocephalus.

High Infection among HIV-Infected Children with Diarrhea in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania.

causes a million of illnesses each year worldwide and can affect people of all ages. Limited data exist on the prevalence of . infections (CDI) among children below five years of age in developing countries.

Prevalence and factors associated with renal dysfunction in children admitted to two hospitals in northwestern Tanzania.

Background: It is evident that renal dysfunction (RD) is associated with unique infectious and non-infectious causes in African children. However, little data exists about the prevalence and factors associated with RD in children admitted to African hospitals.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled all children admitted to pediatric wards of Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) and Sekou-Toure Regional Referral hospital (SRRH) during a 6 month time period.

Tuberculosis Contact Screening and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among Children Under 5 in the Mbeya and Songwe Regions, Tanzania.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends contact screening and initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for children under 5 years of age exposed to a sputum smear-positive (SS+) tuberculosis (TB) source case. We conducted this study in order to assess implementation of these recommendations in southwestern Tanzania.

Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study from June to August 2015 in 12 selected health facilities in the Mbeya and Songwe regions of Tanzania.

High birth prevalence of sickle cell disease in Northwestern Tanzania.

Background: Worldwide, hemoglobinopathies affect millions of children. Identification of hemoglobin disorders in most sub-Saharan African countries is delayed until clinical signs of the disease are present. Limited studies have been conducted to understand their prevalence and clinical presentation among newborns in resource-limited settings.

Reversible Severe Pulmonary Hypertension after Adenotonsillectomy: A Case Report of a Child Treated at Bugando Medical Centre, Northwestern Tanzania.

Upper airway obstruction (UAO) due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy represents one of the rare causes of pulmonary hypertension in children. We report a case of adenotonsillar hypertrophy, managed at pediatric and otorhinolaryngology departments in Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), northwestern Tanzania, with complete remission of symptoms of pulmonary hypertension following adenotonsillectomy. A 17-month-old boy presented with difficulty breathing, dry cough, and noisy breathing since 1 year.

Effects of Prednisolone on Disease Progression in Antiretroviral-Untreated HIV Infection: A 2-Year Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: HIV-disease progression correlates with immune activation. Here we investigated whether corticosteroid treatment can attenuate HIV disease progression in antiretroviral-untreated patients.

Methods: Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial including 326 HIV-patients in a resource-limited setting in Tanzania (clinicaltrials.

Pulmonary TB bacteriologically confirmed by induced sputum among children at Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania.

Background: The diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains difficult in resource-: poor settings.

Objective: To evaluate induced sputum collection and examination using microscopy, culture and Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB) in a Tanzanian hospital vs. PTB diagnosis using clinical scoring tools alone.

Relationship between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and blood levels of Epstein-Barr virus in children in north-western Tanzania: a case control study.

Background: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL) are common in African children, with endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) being the most common subtype. While the role of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in endemic BL is known, no data are available about clinical presentations of NHL subtypes and their relationship to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) load in peripheral blood of children in north-western, Tanzania.

Methods: A matched case control study of NHL subtypes was performed in children under 15 years of age and their respective controls admitted to Bugando Medical Centre, Sengerema and Shirati district designated hospitals in north-western, Tanzania, between September 2010 and April 2011.