Publications by authors named "Kaavya Narasimhalu"

Introduction: Intracranial large artery disease (ICLAD) is a common cause of ischaemic stroke and is associated with the risk of recurrent vascular events in the short term. We compared the incidence of various long-term vascular outcomes between ischaemic stroke patients with and without ICLAD.

Methods: This was a longitudinal observational study of acute ischaemic stroke patients who were followed up serially for recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction or vascular death up to a median of 86 months.

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Objective: There is a paucity of studies investigating the outcomes among Asian stroke patients. Identifying subgroups of stroke patients at risk of poorer outcomes could identify patients who would benefit from targeted interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify which ischemic stroke patients at high risk of recurrent events and mortality.

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Introduction: Conus medullaris infarction (CMI) is a rare vascular phenomenon that has been scarcely reported in the literature. While previous studies have described the clinical and radiological features of CMI, little attention has been paid to its associated neurophysiological findings.

Methods: We present a case of idiopathic CMI and its neurophysiological findings, then present our findings from a systematic review of other reports of CMI with neurophysiological features found via PubMed search.

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Introduction: Post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common complication of ischemic stroke. PSCI can involve different depending on clinical and stroke related characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with impairments in specific cognitive domains.

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Rare genetic diseases affect 5-8% of the population but are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Electronic health records (EHR) contain large amounts of data, which provide opportunities for analysing and mining. Data mining, in the form of cluster analysis and visualisation, was performed on a database containing deidentified health records of 1.

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Background And Aims: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability worldwide. There is an increasing incidence of stroke among the young. In this study, we aimed to identify factors associated with poor long-term prognosis in young stroke patients.

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Objectives: Recurrent strokes are associated with greater disability and mortality than first-time strokes. However, adherence to secondary stroke prevention medications has been reported to be suboptimal. We assessed medication adherence to antihypertensives, antiplatelets, and statins after acute ischemic stroke and identified factors associated with non-adherence behavior to each drug class.

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Background Genetic and nongenetic factors account for the association of family history with disease risk. Comparing adopted and nonadopted individuals provides an opportunity to disentangle those factors. Methods and Results We examined associations between family history of stroke and heart disease with incident stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) in 495 640 UK Biobank participants (mean age, 56.

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Introduction: Patients with cancer are known to have an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS) around the time of their diagnosis. However, there is a paucity of data in Asian populations, and as such, we aimed to determine cancer incidence rates and patterns in Asian IS patients as well as investigate the differences in vascular risk profile of IS patients with and without concomitant cancer.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the Singapore Stroke and Cancer registries.

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Background: Patients with minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are often treated with dual antiplatelet therapy regimens as part of secondary stroke prevention. Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet used in these regimens, is metabolized into its active form by the enzyme. Patients with loss of function (LOF) mutations in are at risk for poorer secondary outcomes when prescribed clopidogrel.

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Article Synopsis
  • Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, but its effectiveness can vary based on genetic factors and clinical characteristics measured by the ABCD-GENE score.
  • A study analyzed data from 11,248 clopidogrel users in the UK Biobank, finding that a higher ABCD-GENE score indicated a greater risk of vascular events like heart attacks and strokes.
  • The results highlight that the ABCD-GENE score can predict vascular risks not only for clopidogrel users but also for those taking aspirin or not using either medication.
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Background: Valproate is a candidate for ischemic stroke prevention due to its anti-atherosclerotic effects in vivo. Although valproate use is associated with decreased ischemic stroke risk in observational studies, confounding by indication precludes causal conclusions.

Aims: We applied Mendelian randomization to determine whether genetic variants that influence seizure response among valproate users associate with ischemic stroke.

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Background: It is increasingly clear that genetic and non-genetic factors account for the association of family history with disease risk in offspring. We sought to distinguish the genetic and non-genetic contributions of family history of stroke and heart disease on incident events by examining adopted and non-adopted individuals.

Methods: We examined associations between family history of stroke and heart disease with incident stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) in 495,640 participants of the UK Biobank (mean age 56.

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Aims: To describe the clinical features and outcomes of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) in Southeast Asian (SEA) patients.

Method: SEA patients diagnosed and treated for ANMDARE at Singapore General Hospital between January 2010 and June 2020 were included in this observational study, in which their clinical features and outcomes were retrospectively analysed.

Results: We studied 20 patients: 11 Chinese, 3 Tagalogs, 2 Malays, 2 Indians, 1 Eurasian and 1 Javanese.

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Cerebral small vessel disease is highly prevalent, particularly in marginalized communities, and its incidence is expected to increase given the aging global population. Cerebral small vessel disease contributes to risk for stroke, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, late-life depression, and gait disorders. A growing body of evidence suggests that adverse outcomes, including cerebral small vessel disease, caused by traditional cardiovascular risk factors are at least partly mediated by epigenetic changes, some of them already beginning during fetal development.

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Valproate is a candidate for ischemic stroke prevention due to its anti-atherosclerotic effects in vivo. Although valproate use is associated with decreased ischemic stroke risk in observational studies, confounding by indication precludes causal conclusions. To overcome this limitation, we applied Mendelian randomization to determine whether genetic variants that influence seizure response among valproate users associate with ischemic stroke.

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Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease is a rare genetic condition, previously diagnosed only at postmortem, but its characteristic radiological features now allow its diagnosis in life. The clinical presentation is variable and we hope this case report will raise awareness of this condition.

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Objective: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) and non-fluent variant PPA (nfvPPA). While a strong genetic component is implicated in FTD, genetic FTD in Asia is less frequently reported. We aimed to investigate the frequency of Southeast Asian FTD patients harbouring known genetic FTD variants.

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Background And Purpose: A third of stroke patients suffer from post-stroke cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. B-vitamin supplementation provides a possible safe and affordable treatment to mitigate post-stroke neuropsychiatric sequelae via reducing homocysteine levels. Our study aims to examine the effect of B-vitamin supplementation in the prevention of post-stroke cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to influence outcomes in the short term following stroke. However, the impact of DM on long-term functional outcomes after stroke is unclear. We compared functional outcomes periodically over 7 years between diabetic and nondiabetic ischemic stroke patients, and investigated the impact of DM on the long-term trajectory of post-stroke functional outcomes.

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Background: Recent studies have reported that COVID-19 infected patients with stroke, who were often in the older age group, had a higher incidence of vascular risk factors, and more severe infection related respiratory symptoms. These observations provided little evidence to suggest that COVID-19 infection is a potential causative factor for stroke. This report describes a young patient with a cerebellar stroke secondary to COVID-19 infection.

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between medication adherence, trust in physician and beliefs about medication among stroke survivors. To determine whether beliefs about medication would mediate the relationship between trust in physician and medication adherence.

Methods: A sample of 200 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) completed a one-time survey, including the shortened Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5), Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), and Trust in Physician Scale (TIPS).

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