Publications by authors named "Kaare S Midtgaard"

Most proximal humerus fractures can be treated non-surgically with an acceptable result. Approximately one in five patients are assessed for surgery. Clinical examination and diagnostic imaging with radiographs in two planes are needed for the initial assessment, while shoulder CT provides important additional information.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of open coracoid transfer surgery by analyzing radiographic outcomes using different imaging techniques, primarily focusing on long-term complications after at least one year post-surgery.
  • A systematic literature search identified 33 studies involving 1,456 shoulders, with most imaging done via plain radiography, followed by CT.
  • Results indicated high graft union rates (75%-100%), but also a range of postoperative complications, including osteoarthritis (28% average incidence) and graft osteolysis (30% average incidence).
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate functional and radiographic results after open reduction and internal fixation of distal humeral fractures using precontoured locking plates. Our main hypothesis was that patients older than 65 years have inferior outcomes compared with younger patients.

Methods: All patients treated for a distal humeral fracture with precontoured locking plates between 2006 and 2017 at a level 1 trauma center were identified.

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Background: Anterior and posterior glenoid bone loss morphology have both been individually and morphologically described in previous studies. While there exists substantial literature on anterior bone loss, and emerging evidence describing posterior bone loss, a direct comparison between the two is lacking in the current literature. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively compare the anatomic and morphological differences in glenoid bone loss (GBL) in operative patients with anterior versus posterior glenohumeral instability.

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Background: The outcome of non-surgical treatment is generally good, but the treatment course can be long and painful with approximately a quarter of the patients acquiring a nonunion. Both surgical and non-surgical treatment can have disabling consequences such as nerve injury, infection, and nonunion. The purpose of the study is to compare patient-reported outcomes after surgical and non-surgical treatment for humeral shaft fractures.

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Background: High rates of secondary surgery after fixation of olecranon fractures have been reported. Identification of risk factors can aid surgeons to reduce complications leading to additional surgical procedures.

Methods: Olecranon fractures treated at seven hospitals from 2007 to 2017 were identified, and the radiographs were classified.

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Background: The glenoid track (GT) concept illustrates how the degree of glenoid bone loss and humeral bone loss in the glenohumeral joint can guide further treatment in a patient with anterior instability. The importance of determining which lesions are at risk for recurrent instability involves imaging of the glenohumeral joint, but no studies have determined which type of imaging is the most appropriate.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and accuracy of different imaging modalities for measuring the GT in shoulders with recurrent anterior instability.

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Purpose: To compare the biomechanical properties of metallic anchor (MA) and all-suture anchor (ASA) constructs in the anatomic reattachment of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament complex to its humeral insertion.

Methods: Twenty paired male human cadaveric elbows with a mean age of 46.3 years (range: 33-58 years) were used in this study.

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Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess clinical and radiographic outcomes of arthroscopically-assisted, anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using tendon allograft (AA-ACCR) for the treatment of Rockwood type III-V injuries at minimum 2-year follow-up and to perform subgroup analyses of clinical and radiographic outcomes for acute versus chronic and type III versus type IV-V injuries.

Methods: In this retrospective study of prospectively collected data, patients who underwent primary AA-ACCR for the treatment of type III-V dislocations and had minimum 2-year follow-up were included. Preoperative and postoperative patient-reported outcome scores (PROs) were collected, including American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Single Numeric Assessment Evaluation score, Short Form-12 Physical Component Summary, Quick Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand score, and patient satisfaction.

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Background: When comprehensive arthroscopic management (CAM) for glenohumeral osteoarthritis fails, total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) may be needed, and it remains unknown whether previous CAM adversely affects outcomes after subsequent TSA.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis who underwent TSA as a primary procedure with those who underwent TSA after CAM (CAM-TSA).

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

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Background: The acromioclavicular (AC) capsule and ligament have been found to play a major role in maintaining horizontal stability. To reconstruct the AC capsule and ligament, precise knowledge of their anatomy is essential.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the angle of the posterosuperior ligament in regard to the axis of the clavicle, (2) to determine the width of the attachment (footprint) of the AC capsule and ligament on the acromion and clavicle, (3) to determine the distance to the AC capsule from the cartilage border of the acromion and clavicle, and (4) to develop a clockface model of the insertion of the posterosuperior ligament on the acromion and clavicle.

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Background: A medialized center of rotation (COR) in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) comes with limitations such as scapular notching and reduced range of motion. To mitigate these effects, lateralization and inferiorization of the COR are performed, but may adversely affect deltoid muscle force. The study purposes were to measure the effect of RTSA with varying glenosphere configurations on (1) the COR and (2) deltoid force compared with intact shoulders and shoulders with massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears (PS-RCT).

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Anterior shoulder instability is the most common form of shoulder instability and is usually because of a traumatic injury. Careful patient selection is key to a favorable outcome. Primary shoulder stabilization should be considered for patients with high risk of recurrence or for elite athletes.

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Background: Patients with a greater risk of recurrent instability and inferior clinical outcomes following a primary Latarjet procedure can be preoperatively identified on the basis of clinical, radiographic, and demographic criteria. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors influencing the rates of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability and clinical failure following a primary Latarjet procedure.

Methods: All patients who underwent a primary Latarjet procedure were prospectively enrolled and evaluated.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigated the role of collateral ligaments in transolecranon fracture-dislocations using cadaveric elbows, challenging the belief that these fractures don't involve ligament disruption.
  • Results showed that cutting one or both collateral ligaments significantly increased inferior translation of the elbow when a load was applied, indicating greater instability.
  • The findings suggest that collateral ligament injury is essential for transolecranon fracture-dislocations, with specific translation measurements indicating the level of ligament involvement.
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Historically, a primary anterior instability event has been treated nonoperatively. In the literature, a multitude of outcome scores and definitions for recurrence of instability complicates the interpretation and synthesis of evidence-based recommendations. However, there is an emerging body of high-quality evidence that early surgical stabilization yields better overall outcomes.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate the success rates and patient-reported outcomes after revising failed proximal long head of the biceps (LHB) tenodesis among a military population.
  • Twelve male patients, aged 30 to 54, were analyzed postoperatively after switching from a failed proximal tenodesis to a distal one, showing significant improvements in SANE and ASES scores.
  • The findings suggest that conversion to distal LHB tenodesis can lead to favorable outcomes, with most patients returning to full active duty and experiencing no complications.
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Purpose: To compare the biomechanical performance of knotless versus knotted all-suture anchors for the repair of type II SLAP lesions with a simulated peel-back mechanism.

Methods: Twenty paired cadaveric shoulders were used. A standardized type II SLAP repair was performed using knotless (group A) or knotted (group B) all-suture anchors.

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The elbow joint consists of the humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints. Elbow stability is maintained by a combination of static and dynamic constraints. Elbow fractures are challenging to treat because the articular surfaces must be restored perfectly and associated soft tissue injuries must be recognized and appropriately managed.

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Background: Tension band wiring (TBW) is the standard method for treating transverse olecranon fractures, but high rates of complications and reoperations have been reported. Plate fixation (PF) with locking screws has been introduced as an alternative method that may retain the fracture reduction better with a higher load to failure.

Methods: Twenty paired cadaveric elbows were used.

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Purpose: The importance of an intact lacertus fibrosus in distal biceps tendon injury is uncertain. This study aimed to assess long-term outcome following distal biceps tendon repair with focus on the significance of the lacertus fibrosus.

Methods: Thirty-six patients surgically treated for primary distal biceps tendon rupture were identified.

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