Results from a cross-sectional, observational study to assess inadequate pain relief in patients with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis in Mexico.

Introduction And Objectives: There is limited data that characterizes osteoarthritis (OA) patients who experience moderate to severe pain despite analgesic treatment in Mexico. In this study, we estimate the real-world prevalence of inadequate pain relief (IPR) among individuals with knee and/or hip OA who have been prescribed analgesic therapy and characterize this patient population for each country separately.

Materials And Methods: This is a multinational, multi-site, cross-sectional, observational study.

Comparative effectiveness of budesonide inhalation suspension and montelukast in children with mild asthma in Korea.

The comparative effectiveness of low-dose budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS) versus oral montelukast (MON) in managing asthma control among children with mild asthma was assessed in Korea. Claims from Korea's national health insurance database for children (2-17 years) with mild asthma (GINA 1 or 2) who initiated BIS or MON during 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Pre- and post-index windows were 1 year each.

Effect of mometasone furoate nasal spray on moderate-to-severe nasal congestion in seasonal allergic rhinitis: A responder analysis.

Nasal congestion is consistently identified as the most bothersome symptom of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), and, in guidelines, intranasal corticosteroids are the preferred treatment for nasal congestion. The aim of this post hoc cumulative responder analysis was to examine the nasal congestion response in detail by depicting the level of response obtained in two double-blind, placebo controlled studies of mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) therapy for SAR, conducted from August to October 2008 at U.S.

Dyslipidemia: The untreated metabolic dysfunction in people with type 2 diabetes in Latin America. ARETAEUS study outcomes.

Objective: To assess oral antihyperglycemic agents (OAHA) and/or statin treatment initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and time from diagnosis to both types of treatment initiation and intensification.

Research Design And Methods: We reviewed 662 retrospective medical records of patients with T2D diagnosed by 31 general practitioner or specialist sites across Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. Demographic and clinical information was abstracted from patients' medical records and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Dog owner flea/tick medication purchases in the USA.

Background: Veterinary clinic transaction records from the USA were examined to determine dog owner purchase patterns for three prescription ectoparasiticides. In-clinic purchases of formulations of fluralaner (with 12-week duration per dose) were compared with dog owner purchases of afoxolaner and spinosad (both with 4 week duration per dose) in a population of 231,565 dogs over a 12 month period. Prior studies in human and animal medicine have suggested that patients more closely adhere to prescriber dosing recommendations when they receive a longer-duration medication.

Cross-sectional study on Asthma Insights and Management in the Gulf and Russia.

Asthma is a chronic and complex lung disease that is not completely understood. It involves airway inflammation, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The most common symptoms are recurrent wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing.

A comparative analysis of heartworm medication use patterns for dogs that also receive ectoparasiticides.

Background: Heartworm medications and many oral or topical flea and tick products are provided as monthly doses while a newer oral flea/tick product, fluralaner (BRAVECTO® Chew), is re-dosed at a 12-week interval. This study focused on whether there was a difference in the number of heartworm medication doses that were purchased in the 12-months follow-up period for dogs that receive either fluralaner or other flea/tick medications that are dosed monthly.

Methods: Clinic transaction records of heartworm medication purchases for over 200,000 dogs were examined to compare the purchase of heartworm preventative protection by dog owners that also receive flea and tick medications of differing efficacy durations.

Duration of annual canine flea and tick protection provided by dog owners in Spain.

Background: Doses of flea and tick medication acquired by dog owners over a 12 month period were determined from veterinary hospital transaction records in Spain. The number of months of flea and tick protection potentially obtained by dog owners prescribed fluralaner, a flea and tick medication with a 12 week re-dosing interval, was compared with months of flea and tick protection obtained by dog owners prescribed monthly oral or spot-on products. Prior studies in human and veterinary medicine have suggested that longer-acting medications benefit patients by providing improved adherence to provider recommendations.

Canine babesiosis treatment rates in South African veterinary clinics between 2011 and 2016.

Background: South African veterinarians report the perception of a multi-year decline in the number of dogs presenting with clinical babesiosis, a common and serious disease of dogs in the country. This study tested this observation through analysis of veterinary hospital medical records from 2011 through 2016.

Methods: Medical records were collected from 44 participating South African veterinary hospitals.

Practice Patterns for Chronic Respiratory Diseases in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and rhinosinusitis are common and little studied in the Asia-Pacific region.

Objectives: We sought to investigate real-world practice patterns for these respiratory diseases in India, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study enrolled adults (age ≥18 years) presenting to general practitioners (GP) or specialists for physician-diagnosed AR, asthma, COPD, or rhinosinusitis.

Assessment of dog owner adherence to veterinarians' flea and tick prevention recommendations in the United States using a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Adherence to a prescribed therapeutic regimen is a critical factor for achieving medication effectiveness and therefore treatment success. In the case of companion animal ectoparasite control, suboptimal owner adherence to medication recommendations is thought to be a common cause of treatment failure, and previous reports have found pet owners applying an average of 4.0-4.

Direct medical costs of severe hypoglycaemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes in England: A retrospective database study.

Aims: Hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes can be induced by insulins and sulfonylureas. We assessed the real-world impact of specific monotherapy and combination regimens on hypoglycaemic events requiring hospitalisation and related secondary costs to the English healthcare system.

Methods: This retrospective observational study used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink with linked hospital admission data during 2008-2012.

Rationale and support for a One Health program for canine vaccination as the most cost-effective means of controlling zoonotic rabies in endemic settings.

Although dog vaccination has been demonstrated to reduce and eliminate rabies in humans, during meetings there are often calls for further pilot studies. The assembled data proves that a widespread approach is now required. While zoonotic rabies has a minimal presence in developed nations, it is endemic throughout most of Asia and Africa, where it is considered to be a neglected tropical disease.

Early patient experiences with montelukast orally disintegrating tablets in Japan: a cross-sectional survey of treatment satisfaction in patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis.

Objective: Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) offer a valuable treatment option, particularly when swallowing solid tablets with water is difficult or inconvenient. Montelukast is an effective treatment for asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), and an ODT formulation became available in Japan in 2015. This study investigated levels of satisfaction with this new formulation among adults with asthma and/or AR in Japan.

Assessing occurrence of hypoglycemia and its severity from electronic health records of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Accurate measures of hypoglycemia within electronic health records (EHR) can facilitate clinical population management and research. We quantify the occurrence of serious and mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia in a large EHR database in the US, comparing estimates based only on structured data to those from structured data and natural language processing (NLP) of clinical notes.

Methods: This cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes identified from January 2009 through March 2014.

The Change in HbA1c Associated with Initial Adherence and Subsequent Change in Adherence among Diabetes Patients Newly Initiating Metformin Therapy.

Introduction. Whether changes in adherence are associated with changes in HbA1c is assumed but not known. Methods.

Adherence, persistence, and treatment discontinuation with sitagliptin compared with sulfonylureas as add-ons to metformin: A retrospective cohort database study.

Background: Data are limited regarding adherence to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

Methods: The present retrospective cohort study of a claims database involved adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, continuous enrollment for 12 months before the first prescription of add-on sitagliptin (SITA) or a sulfonylurea (SU) to metformin (MET) monotherapy (index date), and ≥45 days of MET coverage ≤90 days before the index date. The SITA and SU users were matched on duration of follow-up and propensity score (PS).

Urinary albumin excretion with sitagliptin compared to sulfonylurea as add on to metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with albuminuria: A real-world evidence study.

Aim: To compare the change in urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with albuminuria who initiate sitagliptin to those who initiate a sulfonylurea (SU) as add-on to metformin monotherapy.

Method: A cohort of T2DM patients with albuminuria (UACR >30mg/g) who initiated sitagliptin or SU as add-on dual therapy to metformin between 2008 and 2014 was extracted from the computerized medical records of a large managed care organization in Israel. Patients with albuminuria and UACR measurements available at treatment initiation and 120-365days afterwards were included.

Adherence to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy among type 2 diabetes patients with employer-sponsored health insurance in Japan.

Aims/introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are a common first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes in Japan. However, little is known about patients' medication adherence, persistence and discontinuation in this setting.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of new DPP-4i users in a Japanese claims database.

Use of Add-on Treatment to Metformin Monotherapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Suboptimal Glycemic Control: A U.S. Database Study.

Background: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends metformin to treat individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and recommends that hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) be maintained below or around 7%. If the HbA1c target is not achieved or maintained by metformin monotherapy at maximal tolerated dose over 3 to 6 months, treatment modification with addition of a second oral antihyperglycemic agent or by initiating insulin is recommended. Despite the importance of attaining and maintaining HbA1c goals, actual treatment behavior may not follow ADA guidelines to add a second oral agent or to initiate insulin as expected even considering that individual patient's needs are taken into account when treatment decisions are made.

Factors associated with adherence to oral antihyperglycemic monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom.

To evaluate adherence to oral antihyperglycemic monotherapy, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of a UK clinical database. The mean proportion of days covered was 73.5%, and 60.

Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Medication Adherence With Once-weekly Versus Once-daily Therapy.

Purpose: To compare medication adherence rates for once-weekly (QW) versus once-daily (QD) dosing regimens in patients with chronic disease.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify articles published in English-language journals examining the rate of adherence to medications in patients with chronic disease. Relevant studies were identified from January 2002 through August 2013 using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases.

Meta-analysis of studies examining medication adherence, persistence, and discontinuation of oral antihyperglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To estimate overall rates of adherence, persistence, and discontinuation for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prescribed oral antihyperglycemic agents (OAHAs) by combining results of published studies.

Research Design And Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify articles published in English over the last 10 years evaluating the use of OAHAs for the treatment of T2DM. Databases searched included PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library.

Review of patient-reported outcome instruments measuring health-related quality of life and satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral therapy.

Objective: Treatments and their mode of administration may represent a burden for patients and can therefore impact their health-related quality of life (HRQL) or treatment/health satisfaction. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), injectable medications (such as insulin), or a combination of agents. This review aimed to identify patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments measuring HRQL and/or satisfaction that could differentiate between oral medications based on medication related attributes such as efficacy, tolerability, weight loss, dosing frequency and pill burden.

Factors associated with adherence to oral antihyperglycemic monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To estimate the rate of adherence to oral antihyperglycemic monotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes in the US and describe factors associated with adherence in these patients.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cohort analysis, patients aged 18 years or older with a type 2 diabetes diagnosis received between 1 January 2007 and 31 March 2010 were identified using a large US-based health care claims database. The index date was defined as the date of the first prescription for oral antihyperglycemic monotherapy during this period.