Virtual Reality-Based Intervention to Reduce Preoperative Anxiety in Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Preoperative anxiety is common among adult patients undergoing elective surgery and is associated with negative outcomes. Virtual reality (VR)-based interventions have been considered simpler, safer, and more effective for reducing anxiety in patients undergoing surgery than conventional care.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a VR-based intervention with preoperative education in reducing preoperative anxiety among adult patients undergoing elective surgery.

Extraction of antibacterial peptides against from bovine milk casein.

Introduction: More than half of the world's population is infected with , which may cause gastritis, peptic ulcer and even gastric cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that infection is a class I carcinogen and hence eradication of it is highly important. Bovine milk contains caseins, which can be digested by various enzymes in the human stomach to produce antibacterial peptides.

Comparison of the Effects of Automated and Manual Record Keeping on Anesthetists' Monitoring Performance: Randomized Controlled Simulation Study.

Background: Anesthesia information management systems (AIMSs) automatically import real-time vital signs from physiological monitors to anesthetic records, replacing part of anesthetists' traditional manual record keeping. However, only a handful of studies have examined the effects of AIMSs on anesthetists' monitoring performance.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of AIMS use and manual record keeping on anesthetists' monitoring performance, using a full-scale high-fidelity simulation.

Carbonyl emissions from vehicular exhausts sources in Hong Kong.

Vehicular emission (VE) is one of the important anthropogenic sources for airborne carbonyls in urban area. Six types of VE-dominated samples were collected at representative locations in Hong Kong where polluted by a particular fueled type of vehicles, including (i) a gas refilling taxis station (liquefied petroleum gas [LPG] emission); (ii) a light-duty passenger car park (gasoline emission); (iii) a minibus station (diesel emission); (iv) a single-deck-bus depot (diesel emission); (v) a double-deck-bus depot (diesel emission); and (vi) a whole-food market entrance for light- and heavy-duty vehicles (diesel emission). A total of 15 carbonyls in the samples were quantified.

Embryonic lethality in mice lacking the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 protein due to impaired cardiac development and function.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 protein (NFAT5) is thought to be important for cellular adaptation to osmotic stress by regulating the transcription of genes responsible for the synthesis or transport of organic osmolytes. It is also thought to play a role in immune function, myogenesis and cancer invasion. To better understand the function of NFAT5, we developed NFAT5 gene knockout mice.