Tubular Adenomas of the Breast Are Cytologically Distinct from Fibroadenomas.

Introduction: Increasing molecular evidence indicates that tubular adenoma of the breast is distinct from fibroepithelial lesions, leading to its reclassification as an epithelial tumor in the 5th World Health Organization classification of tumors of the breast. However, tubular adenoma remains poorly characterized on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and often not distinguished from fibroadenomas. In this study, the largest cohort, to date, of histologically confirmed aspirates of tubular adenomas were reviewed and compared with aspirates of fibroadenomas.

Analysis of recurrent molecular alterations in phyllodes tumour of breast: insights into prognosis and pathogenesis.

Phyllodes tumour (PT) of breast is a rare biphasic neoplasm. Recent next generation sequencing analyses had revealed novel genetic alterations in PT but lacked a further characterisation of their relationship to different PT features and outcome. Here, using targeted sequencing, we examined a panel of 90 recurrently altered or cancer related genes in 88 PT samples (including 49 benign, 25 borderline and 14 malignant PT).

SETD2 alterations and histone H3K36 trimethylation in phyllodes tumor of breast.

Purpose: SETD2 is one of the key epigenetic regulatory genes involved in histone modifications. Its alterations were potentially oncogenic and commonly found in cancers. Interestingly, SETD2 is one of the most frequent mutated genes found exclusively in phyllodes tumor of the breast (PT).

INSM1 is a novel prognostic neuroendocrine marker for luminal B breast cancer.

Insulinoma associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a relatively new marker of neuroendocrine differentiation. It has been shown to have a high sensitivity for neuroendocrine tumours arising from different organs. This study evaluated INSM1 as a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation in infiltrating breast cancers (IBC).

The significance of highlighting the oestrogen receptor low category in breast cancer.

The latest ASCO/CAP guideline has recommended to report oestrogen receptor (ER) low cases (ER; 1-10%) as "ER low positive category", prompting us to compare the clinicopathologic features, biomarkers, survival and treatment of the ER cases with other subgroups (ER negative (ER) and ER high (ER)). ER cases revealed more similar clinicopathologic and biomarker profiles (including younger age, larger tumour, high proliferation, HER2 and basal markers expression) to ER than ER cancers. The ER cases receiving hormonal therapy showed a similarly poor outcome as ER cancers.

The Clinical Significance of Neuroendocrine Features in Invasive Breast Carcinomas.

The latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification categorized invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs) with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiations into neuroendocrine neoplasms (including well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor [NET] and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma [NEC]) and IBC no special type with NE features (IBC-NST-NE). However, little is documented of the clinical significance of this classification; also the precise thresholds and choices of NE markers were variable. In the current study, a large cohort of patients with IBC with NE differentiation were morphologically classified based on the WHO criteria and the clinical relevance of expression of different NE markers (synaptophysin [SYN], chromogranin [CG], and CD56) was evaluated.

Co-expression of HLA-I loci improved prognostication in HER2+ breast cancers.

The underlying basis for cancer immune evasion is important for effective immunotherapy and prognosis in breast cancers. Human leucocyte antigens (HLA)-I comprising three classical antigens (HLA-A, -B and -C) is mandatory for anti-tumor immunity. Its loss occurred frequently in many cancers resulting in effective immune evasion.