A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance in people treated with entecavir or tenofovir.

Background: As nucleos/tide analogue (NA) therapy (e.g. entecavir and tenofovir) for chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection becomes more widely indicated and available, understanding drug resistance is essential.

Effects of salt substitutes on clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS) recently reported blood pressure-mediated benefits of a potassium-enriched salt substitute on cardiovascular outcomes and death. This study assessed the effects of salt substitutes on a breadth of outcomes to quantify the consistency of the findings and understand the likely generalisability of the SSaSS results.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to 31 August 2021.

Cost-Effectiveness of a Household Salt Substitution Intervention: Findings From 20 995 Participants of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study.

Background: SSaSS (Salt Substitute and Stroke Study), a 5-year cluster randomized controlled trial, demonstrated that replacing regular salt with a reduced-sodium, added-potassium salt substitute reduced the risks of stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events, and premature death among individuals with previous stroke or uncontrolled high blood pressure living in rural China. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness profile of the intervention.

Methods: A within-trial economic evaluation of SSaSS was conducted from the perspective of the health care system and consumers.

Effect of Salt Substitution on Cardiovascular Events and Death.

Background: Salt substitutes with reduced sodium levels and increased potassium levels have been shown to lower blood pressure, but their effects on cardiovascular and safety outcomes are uncertain.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, cluster-randomized trial involving persons from 600 villages in rural China. The participants had a history of stroke or were 60 years of age or older and had high blood pressure.

Protocol for the economic evaluation of the China Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS).

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Reducing dietary salt consumption is a potentially cost-effective way to reduce blood pressure and the burden of CVD. To date, economic evidence has focused on sodium reduction in food industry or processed food with blood pressure as the primary outcome.

Availability, Formulation, Labeling, and Price of Low-sodium Salt Worldwide: Environmental Scan.

Background: Regular salt is about 100% sodium chloride. Low-sodium salts have reduced sodium chloride content, most commonly through substitution with potassium chloride. Low-sodium salts have a potential role in reducing the population's sodium intake levels and blood pressure, but their availability in the global market is unknown.

Change in mean salt intake over time using 24-h urine versus overnight and spot urine samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Little is known about the capacity of overnight and spot urine samples to estimate changes in mean salt intake over time. The objective of this review was to compare the estimates of change in mean population salt intake based on 24-h urine and overnight/spot urine samples.

Methods: Studies were systematically identified through searches of peer-reviewed databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and grey literature.

The effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of low-sodium salts worldwide: An environmental scan protocol.

Excess sodium intake elevates blood pressure and risk for cardiovascular diseases. The use of low-sodium salts is a potentially cost-effective strategy to counter the rising global burden of cardiovascular diseases. This research aimed to understand the potential scale-up of low-sodium salt interventions by examining the availability of low-sodium salts globally, synthesizing evidence about the effectiveness of low-sodium salt interventions, and identifying the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing low-sodium salt interventions.

Mapping the contribution and strategic distribution patterns of neuroimaging features of small vessel disease in poststroke cognitive impairment.

Objectives: Individual neuroimaging features of small vessel disease (SVD) have been reported to influence poststroke cognition. This study aimed to investigate the joint contribution and strategic distribution patterns of multiple types of SVD imaging features in poststroke cognitive impairment.

Methods: We studied 145 first-ever ischaemic stroke patients with MRI and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) examined at baseline.