Development and validation of prediction models for fetal growth restriction and birthweight: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Fetal growth restriction is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early identification of women having at-risk fetuses can reduce perinatal adverse outcomes.

Objectives: To assess the predictive performance of existing models predicting fetal growth restriction and birthweight, and if needed, to develop and validate new multivariable models using individual participant data.

Associations between maternal and offspring glucose metabolism: a 9-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that the environment affects the health and disease risk of offspring throughout their lives. The long-term effect of maternal hyperglycaemia on offspring glucose metabolism is of interest in a public health perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the association between exposure to maternal glycaemia and offspring glucose metabolism.

Male patients with inflammatory joint diseases are less likely than controls to be childless: results from a Norwegian population-based cohort study of 10 865 patients.

Objectives: To investigate the number of children per man and the proportion of childless men as a proxy of fertility in a national cohort of men with inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs), compared with matched controls from the general population.

Methods: This is a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study. Male patients with IJDs (n = 10 865) in the Norwegian Arthritis Registry were individually matched 1:5 on birth year and county of residence with men without IJDs obtained from the National Population Register (n = 54 325).

Randomised controlled trial of preconception lifestyle intervention on maternal and offspring health in people with increased risk of gestational diabetes: study protocol for the BEFORE THE BEGINNING trial.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes in the mother and cardiometabolic diseases in the child. The preconception period is an optimal window to adapt the lifestyle for improved outcomes for both mother and child. Our aim is to determine the effect of a lifestyle intervention, initiated before and continued throughout pregnancy, on maternal glucose tolerance and other maternal and infant cardiometabolic outcomes.

Does regular antenatal exercise promote exclusive breastfeeding during the first 3 months of life? Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and antenatal exercise are independently associated with positive short- and long-term health effects for women and their children. The aims of the study were to investigate whether antenatal exercise promotes EBF three months postpartum and further to explore factors associated with EBF at three months postpartum.

Methods: This study was a follow-up of a Norwegian two-center randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of an antenatal exercise protocol.

A population-based study of caesarean section in women with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objectives: The literature on delivery methods in women with JIA is limited. Active inflammation is a risk factor for caesarean section (CS) in other arthritic diseases. A CS entails a higher risk for complications than vaginal delivery and restricted physical activity in the first weeks after birth.

Physical health and neurodevelopmental outcome in 7-year-old children whose mothers were at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at risk of metabolic disturbances such as diabetes mellitus and overweight. However, few have examined the outcome of children whose mothers were at risk of GDM. The aim of the study was to investigate how mothers' risk of developing GDM affects physical health and neurodevelopment of the children at 7 years of age.

Ultrasound examination of the pelvic floor during active labor: A longitudinal cohort study.

Introduction: There is limited evidence about changes in the pelvic floor during active labor. We aimed to investigate changes in hiatal dimensions during the active first stage of labor and associations with fetal descent and head position.

Material And Methods: We conducted a longitudinal, prospective cohort study at the National University Hospital of Iceland, from 2016 to 2018.

Continuous fetal cerebral blood flow monitoring during labor: A feasibility study.

Background: Current methods for fetal surveillance during labor have significant limitations. Since continuous fetal cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) monitoring during labor may add valuable information about fetal well-being, we developed a new ultrasound system called VisiBeam. VisiBeam consists of a flat probe (diameter 11 mm) with a cylindric plane wave beam, a vacuum attachment (diameter 40 mm), a scanner, and a display.

Caesarean section in women with axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: a population-based study.

Background: There is sparse documentation on pregnancy outcomes in women with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Data on disease activity are often lacking, preventing the direct investigation of the effect of inflammation on pregnancy outcomes. A caesarean section (CS) implies a higher risk for complications than vaginal delivery.

Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and molar incisor hypomineralisation and hypomineralised second primary molars in the offspring at 7-9 years of age: a longitudinal study.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate associations between maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) among children.

Methods: The study had a longitudinal design using prospectively collected data from 176 mother and child pairs. Mothers were initially recruited in a randomised controlled trial to assess a pregnancy exercise programme.

The impact of levator ani muscle trauma and contraction on recurrence after prolapse surgery.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The objective was to explore the impact of levator ani muscle (LAM) trauma and pelvic floor contraction on symptoms and anatomy after pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery.

Methods: Prospective study including 200 women with symptomatic POP ≥ grade 2 examined 3 months prior to and 6 months after surgery. Prolapse in each compartment was graded using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system, and women answered yes/no to a question about bulge sensation.

Controversies in implementing non-invasive prenatal testing in a public antenatal care program.

Women's autonomy and an inclusive society for all individuals are highly valued in Norway. The Norwegian Biotechnology Act changed in 2020 allowing first-trimester screening and cell-free DNA for common trisomies to all pregnant women. However, implementing non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in a public antenatal care program is difficult, because many patients, politicians, and medical professionals do not consider trisomy 21 a severe medical disease.

Dietary Intake in Early Pregnancy and Glycemia in Late Pregnancy among Women with Obesity.

Women with obesity have increased risk for hyperglycemia during pregnancy, with negative health consequences for mother and child. We aimed to investigate adherence to nutritional recommendations in early pregnancy and to examine associations between early pregnancy dietary intake and late pregnancy glycemia among women with obesity. We included 120 women with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m who participated in one of two randomized controlled trials.

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training and urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled 7-year follow-up study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Urinary incontinence is common postpartum. Our aims were to assess whether antenatal exercise including pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has long-term effects on urinary incontinence (UI) and to explore factors associated with UI 7 years postpartum.

Methods: A follow-up of a two-centre randomized controlled trial performed at St.

Body mass index and physical activity in seven-year-old children whose mothers exercised during pregnancy: follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Background: There are limited data on long-term outcomes of children whose mothers have followed exercise interventions during pregnancy. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy affected the children's body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) at 7 years of age, and determine the relationship between children's and mothers' BMI and PA.

Methods: This was a follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial, carried out at St.

Safety Aspects of Perinatal Ultrasound.

Ultrasound safety is of particular importance in fetal and neonatal scanning. Fetal tissues are vulnerable and often still developing, the scanning depth may be low, and potential biological effects have been insufficiently investigated. On the other hand, the clinical benefit may be considerable.

[Pregnancy complications in women with systemic lupus erythematosus].

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare inflammatory connective tissue disease that affects mainly women, often in their childbearing years. The disease entails an increased risk of fetal and maternal pregnancy complications. Inflammatory active disease and the occurrence of anticardiolipin antibodies are known risk factors.

Phosphatidylethanol as Blood Biomarker of Alcohol Consumption in Early Pregnancy: An Observational Study in 4,067 Pregnant Women.

Background: The teratogenic effects of alcohol are well documented, but there is a lack of screening methods to detect alcohol use during pregnancy. Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth) is a specific and sensitive biomarker reflecting alcohol intake up to several weeks after consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of positive PEth values as an indicator of early prenatal alcohol exposure in a general population of pregnant women.

The effect of preoperative pelvic floor muscle training on urinary and colorectal-anal distress in women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery-a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) improves urinary incontinence and mild pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative PFMT on urinary and colorectal-anal distress and related quality of life (QoL) in women with severe POP scheduled for surgery.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial of 159 women scheduled for POP surgery (intervention = 81, controls = 78).