Prevalence of and factors associated with anal high-risk human papillomavirus in urban Tanzanian men who have sex with men, 2011-2012.

Anal cancer is primarily caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), is associated with HIV infection, and has a very high incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM). We assessed prevalence of hrHPV, and factors associated with hrHPV in anal canal specimens collected in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania from HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. MSM were recruited using respondent-driven sampling in this cross-sectional study.