Genetic Associations Among Inflammation, White Matter Architecture, and Extracellular Free Water.

Phenotypic and genetic relationships between white matter microstructure (i.e., fractional anisotropy [FA]) and peripheral inflammatory responses (i.

Heritability, phenotypic, and genetic correlations across dimensional and categorical models of bipolar disorder in a family sample.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) presents with a wide range of symptoms that vary among relatives, casting doubt on categorical illness models. To address this uncertainty, we investigated the heritability and genetic relationships between categorical and dimensional models of BD in a family sample.

Methods: This retrospective study included participants (n = 397 Females, n = 329 Males, mean age 47 yr) in the Amish-Mennonite Bipolar Genetics (AMBiGen) study from North and South America that were assigned categorical mood disorder diagnoses ("narrow" or "broad") by structured psychiatric interview and completed the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), which assesses lifetime history of manic symptoms and associated impairment.

Effects of gene dosage on cognitive ability: A function-based association study across brain and non-brain processes.

Copy-number variants (CNVs) that increase the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders also affect cognitive ability. However, such CNVs remain challenging to study due to their scarcity, limiting our understanding of gene-dosage-sensitive biological processes linked to cognitive ability. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 258,292 individuals, which identified-for the first time-a duplication at 2q12.

Short-term clinical and biochemical responses following treatment with dapagliflozin or ertugliflozin in horses with hyperinsulinemia: A retrospective case series.

The metabolic and lipid profiles of horses treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are not well understood. This retrospective study evaluated blood parameters in hyperinsulinemic horses treated with either ertugliflozin (0.05 mg/kg) or dapagliflozin (0.

Political polarization and health.

In addition to social determinants of health, such as economic resources, education, access to care and various environmental factors, there is growing evidence that political polarization poses a substantial risk to individual and collective well-being. Here we review the impact of political polarization on public health. We describe the different forms of polarization and how they are connected to health outcomes, highlighting the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study of the health risks of polarization.

Improving posttraumatic stress disorder assessment in young children: comparing measures and identifying clinically-relevant symptoms in children ages six and under.

Young children exposed to trauma are vulnerable to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although experts agree on the importance of tailoring PTSD assessments to be developmentally-appropriate for young children, there is little research on which assessment methods best identify clinically significant symptomatology in this difficult-to-assess population. Two competing models for assessing PTSD have been proposed by the DSM-5 and ICD-11.

Copy-number variants differ in frequency across genetic ancestry groups.

Copy-number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric and cognitive phenotypes. We found that deleterious CNVs are less prevalent in non-European ancestry groups than they are in European ancestry groups of both the UK Biobank (UKBB) and a US replication cohort (SPARK). We also identified specific recurrent CNVs that consistently differ in frequency across ancestry groups in both the UKBB and SPARK.

Unveiling gender inequality in the US: Testing validity of a state-level measure of gender inequality and its relationship with feminist online collective action on Twitter.

The Gender Inequality Index is a country-level measure of gender inequality based on women's levels of reproductive health, social and political empowerment, and labor-market representation. In two studies, we tested the validity of the GII-S, a state-level measure of gender inequality in the USA. In Study 1, the GII-S was associated with objective and subjective measures of wellness among women, including life satisfaction, financial well-being, and perceptions of safety.

Independent inheritance of cognition and bipolar disorder in a family sample.

Cognitive deficits in people with bipolar disorder (BD) may be the result of the illness or its treatment, but they could also reflect genetic risk factors shared between BD and cognition. We investigated this question using empirical genetic relationships within a sample of patients with BD and their unaffected relatives. Participants with bipolar I, II, or schizoaffective disorder ("narrow" BD, n = 69), related mood disorders ("broad" BD, n = 135), and their clinically unaffected relatives (n = 227) completed five cognitive tests.

Sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor use in the management of insulin dysregulation in ponies and horses.

Laminitis is a common and painful condition of the equine foot and approximately 90% of cases are associated with insulin dysregulation (ID) that is a central feature of the common endocrine disorder equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and occurs in a subset of animals with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Additional features of EMS include obesity, altered circulating concentrations of adipokines (particularly adiponectin and leptin) and hypertriglyceridaemia. Obesity, ID, hypoadiponectinaemia, hyperleptinaemia and an altered plasma lipid profile are also features of human metabolic syndrome (HMS) alongside hyperglycaemia.

Perceived life threat in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms.

Defining children's "trauma exposure" in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has been a source of debate. Children were exposed to threatening messaging about COVID-19 but might interpret this information differently than adults. Perceived life threat (PLT), the belief that one's life is in danger, has been identified as a robust predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and may be a better predictor of PTSS than actual life threat (ALT).

Defend, Deny, Distance, and Dismantle: A New Measure of Advantaged Identity Management.

The experience of privilege can trigger psychological conflict among advantaged group members. Nonetheless, little work has explored strategies that advantaged group members use to manage their identities as privileged actors. Building on Knowles et al.

Experience of an NIHR Clinical Lectureship (medical/dental) and the determining factors for a clinical academic career post lectureship: a mixed-method evaluation.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate early-to-late postdoctoral clinical academic progression and the experiences of NIHR Clinical Lectureship (CL) fellows, considering enablers and barriers to success, and identifying the factors associated with immediate progression to a clinical academic role following completion of the award.

Setting: Datasets of CL awardees across the UK.

Participants: For semistructured interviews, n=40 CL awardees that had finished their award within the previous 5 years.

How could online NHS 111 reduce demand for the telephone NHS 111 service? Qualitative study of user and staff views.

Background: Online NHS111 was introduced in 2018 in response to increasing and unsustainable demand for telephone NHS111. Despite high levels of use, there is little evidence of channel shift from the telephone to the online service. We explored user and staff perspectives of online NHS111 to understand how and why online NHS111 is used and whether there may be potential for shift from the telephone to online service.

The Costs of Polarizing a Pandemic: Antecedents, Consequences, and Lessons.

Polarization has been rising in the United States of America for the past few decades and now poses a significant-and growing-public-health risk. One of the signature features of the American response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been the degree to which perceptions of risk and willingness to follow public-health recommendations have been politically polarized. Although COVID-19 has proven more lethal than any war or public-health crisis in American history, the deadly consequences of the pandemic were exacerbated by polarization.

BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and management of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.

Background: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a prevalent, age-related chronic disorder in equids. Diagnosis of PPID can be challenging because of its broad spectrum of clinical presentations and disparate published diagnostic criteria, and there are limited available treatment options.

Objectives: To develop evidence-based primary care guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of equine PPID based on the available literature.

Intelligence is a poor predictor of nonrestorability of competence to stand trial.

Criminal defendants found incompetent to stand trial (IST) may only be committed for competency restoration if their restoration success is considered likely and when this aim can be met within a "reasonable" period of time. In this study, we evaluated the predictive validity and test accuracy of standardized intelligence testing on the classification of nonrestorability in a sample of 293 male patients adjudicated IST and committed for inpatient restoration. At 90 days, 17.

Factors associated with insulin responses to oral sugars in a mixed-breed cohort of ponies.

Background: Serum insulin concentration at 60 min (InsulinT60) during an oral sugar test (OST) indicates future laminitis risk and insulin dysregulation (ID). Associations between InsulinT60 and physical and owner-reported variables may help clinicians select individuals for ID testing. Associations between InsulinT60 and other metabolic markers may help elucidate ID pathophysiology.

Development of a body condition index to estimate adiposity in ponies and horses from morphometric measurements.

Background: There is a high prevalence of obesity in ponies and pleasure horses. This may be associated with equine metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of laminitis. Body condition scoring (BCS) systems are widely used but are subjective and not very sensitive.

Strong Genetic Overlaps Between Dimensional and Categorical Models of Bipolar Disorders in a Family Sample.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) presents with a wide range of symptoms that vary among relatives, casting doubt on categorical illness models. To address this uncertainly, we investigated the heritability and genetic relationships between categorical and dimensional models of BD in a family sample.

Methods: Participants in the Amish-Mennonite Bipolar Genetics (AMBiGen) study were assigned categorical mood disorder diagnoses by structured psychiatric interview and completed the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), which assesses lifetime history of manic symptoms and associated impairment.

Beyond cognitive deficits: how social class shapes social cognition.

Lower social class is thought to contribute to poorer executive functioning and working memory. Nevertheless, lower social class individuals consistently outperform their higher-class counterparts on social cognitive tasks that rely on similar underlying cognitive processes (e.g.

Something to Prove? Manhood Threats Increase Political Aggression Among Liberal Men.

Unlabelled: Manhood is a precarious state that men seek to prove through the performance of masculine behaviors-including, at times, acts of aggression. Although correlational work has demonstrated a link between chronic masculine insecurity and political aggression (i.e.