Fishy business in Seattle: Salmon mislabeling fraud in sushi restaurants vs grocery stores.

Salmon is the most commonly consumed finfish in the United States of America (USA), and the mislabeling of salmon is a widespread problem. Washington State is a global supplier of wild-caught Pacific salmon and local salmon mislabeling results in substantial economic, ecological, and cultural impacts. Previous studies in Washington State identified high levels of mislabeled salmon in both markets and restaurants, resulting in local legislation being passed that requires proper labeling of salmon products, including identifying it as wild-caught or farm-raised.

Validation of the German language version of the Chronic Ear Survey and its psychometric comparison with an established German measurement instrument.

Background: With the Chronic Ear Survey (CES), a validated measurement instrument for the assessment of disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been available internationally since 2000. The aim of this study was to provide a validated German version of this international instrument and to compare it with the German Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test 15 (COMOT-15).

Methodology: The CES was translated into German via a forward-backward translation process.

Adaptive short-term plasticity in the typical reading network.

The left temporo-parietal cortex (TPC) is crucial for phonological decoding, i.e., for learning and retaining sound-letter mappings, and appears hypoactive in dyslexia.

[Validation of the German language version of the Chronic Ear Survey and its psychometric comparison with an established German language measurement instrument. German version].

Background: With the Chronic Ear Survey (CES), a validated measurement instrument for the assessment of disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been available internationally since 2000. The aim of this study was to provide a validated German version of this international instrument and to compare it with the German Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test 15 (COMOT-15).

Methodology: The CES was translated into German via a forward-backward translation process.

Pulmonary computed tomographic manifestations of COVID-19 in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients.

This study aimed to analyze computed tomographic (CT) imaging features of vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients. The study population of this retrospective single-center cohort study consisted of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who received a chest CT at the study site between July 2021 and February 2022. Qualitative scoring systems (RSNA, CO-RADS, COV-RADS), imaging pattern analysis and semi-quantitative scoring of lung changes were assessed.

Computed Tomographic Imaging Features of COVID-19 Pneumonia Caused by the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant in a German Nested Cohort Pilot Study Group.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate CT (computed tomography) imaging differences for the Delta and the Omicron variant in COVID-19 infection.

Methods: The study population was derived from a retrospective study cohort investigating chest CT imaging patterns in vaccinated and nonvaccinated COVID-19 patients. CT imaging patterns of COVID-19 infection were evaluated by qualitative and semiquantitative scoring systems, as well as imaging pattern analysis.

Serum aldosterone and its relationship to left ventricular structure and geometry in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Aims: Cardiac remodelling might be an important mechanism for aldosterone-mediated cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Previous studies relating aldosterone to left ventricular (LV) structure however revealed conflicting results.

Methods And Results: We aimed to evaluate the relationship of serum aldosterone concentration (SAC) and aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) with echocardiographic parameters of LV remodelling in CV risk patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Efficacy of anidulafungin against biofilms of different Candida species in long-term trials of continuous flow cultivation.

Long-term continuous flow culture allows the investigation of dynamic biofilms under microaerophilic or aerobic conditions. We studied the biofilm formation and changes of susceptibility in 30 blood culture isolates (48 experiments) of different Candida species exposed to anidulafungin in 0.16 ml or 7.

[Pathological diagnosis--costs and benefit].

The autopsy rate in Germany has drastically diminished in the last decades and is below 10% nowadays. Possible reasons for this development are discussed. Pressure of cost is a quoted cause, although it is not so high.

Is there a need for autopsies in the management of fungal disease?

The autopsy rates in Germany became low like in other European, American and Asian countries. Main reasons for this development are the lack of acceptance of autopsy in the society as well as in the medical profession, the introduction of a requirement for consent, unclear legal position, the public health system, pressure of costs and a change in the field of activity in pathology with much more diagnostics of surgical and biopsy material. The autopsy is missing with respect to the reliability of causes of death and morbidity statistics and other epidemiological studies.

[What distinctions do Candida biofilms have to offer?].

In a miniature continuous flow cell system we investigated the influence of voriconazole (VCZ) (27 trials) or anidulafungin (ANID) (five trials) on the antimycotic resistance of C. albicans (type strain SC5314 and three strains from blood cultures). The duration of the trials was up to 10 d.

The first description of an oesophageal candidosis by Bernhard von Langenbeck in 1839.

In November 1839 the young university lecturer Bernhard (von) Langenbeck (1810-1887) published the first description of a fungus as aetiological agent of an oro-pharyngeal and oesophageal candidosis. We present his in English translated paper entitled 'Finding of fungi on the mucous membrane of the gullet of a typhoid fever corpse' (Germ.) in 'Neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde' (Froriep).

Candidosis and aspergillosis as autopsy findings from 1994 to 2003.

We analysed the autopsy records of the Greifswald University Institute of Pathology (located in Eastern Germany) in respect of findings of candidosis and aspergillosis from 1994 to 2003. We also present eight immature aborted fetuses and premature infants with a mycosis. In a total of 2027 autopsies we found 164 cases of invasive candidosis and aspergillosis (8.

[Early signals of systemic mycoses--guidelines for therapeutic decisions?].

Clinical applications and in vitro studies show that all antimycotics are most effective against infection when applied as early as possible. An early diagnosis is, therefore, essential. At this time for aspergillosis and particularly candidosis, a statement is only possible by combining several diagnostic methods.

[Candida-specific antibodies in intensive care and non-intensive care patients].

The titres of indirect anti-Candida haemagglutination test (C-HAT) and specific immunoglobulins C-IgM, C-IgG and C-IgA in 328 intensive care (IT) patients and 166 non-intensive care (NIT) patients were compared by statistical test methods. Positive correlations were found between values of C-HAT and all three Candida-specific immunoglobulins. At an interval of < or =7 days in the first patient group only, the changes in the course of titres were statistically highly significant.

Influence of voriconazole and fluconazole on reconstituted multilayered oesophageal epithelium infected by Candida albicans.

Reconstituted multilayered oesophageal epithelium appears to be a good basis to test the efficacy of voriconazole (VOR) and fluconazole (FLU) in the tissue. The resulting model of a Candida oesophagitis was approaching the in vivo situation. We infected the tissue with 2 x 10(6) cfu of the Candida albicans strain SC5314.

Changes in Candida albicans colonization and morphology under influence of voriconazole.

The aim was the investigation of fungal colonization and morphological alterations under the influence of voriconazole in an in vitro system. Voriconazole stopped growth and colonization of Candida albicans (wild type SC5314) on cover slips in microtiter plates dependent on drug concentration, the time of Candida growth before the input of voriconazole and oxygen concentration. The direct microscopy by fluorescence staining with the optical brightener Blancophor showed short bizarrely deformed mycelia looking swollen.

[Early description of a pulmonary aspergillosis 1847 from Greifswald].

In 1847 the student of medicine Theodor Sluyter (1817-1895) from Greifswald published his thesis in Berlin including the first well-documented case of human pulmonary aspergillosis. In 1856 Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) classified the depicted fungi as an Aspergillus species. Possibly Carl Ferdinand Eichstedt (1816-1892) carried out the autopsy.

Influence of voriconazole and fluconazole on Candida albicans in long-time continuous flow culture.

We investigated the influence of voriconazole and fluconazole in a long term trial of continuous flow culture (cfc) up to 9 days. The effects of these azoles were different in dependence on the growth circumstances. Under anaerobic conditions a fungicidal effect of voriconazole was detectable, defined by an inhibition of 99.

Oesophageal candidosis in intensive care patients.

We conducted upper intestinoscopies in 124 intensive care patients, six of whom had oesophageal candidosis. Of these, two also had Candida plaque in the stomach. The patients at the intensive care unit (ICU) had a mean Apache-II score of 26.

Induction of P-glycoprotein by rifampin increases intestinal secretion of talinolol in human beings: a new type of drug/drug interaction.

Background: P-Glycoprotein is an efflux pump in many epithelial cells with excretory function. It has been demonstrated that rifampin (INN, rifampicin) induces P-glycoprotein, particularly in the gut wall. We therefore hypothesized that rifampin affects pharmacokinetics of the P-glycoprotein substrate talinolol, a beta1-blocker without appreciable metabolic disposition but intense intestinal secretion in human beings.

Funguria and Candida-specific immunoglobulins in patients with systemic candidosis.

Unlabelled: Funguria, indirect anti-Candida haemagglutination test (C-IHT) and Candida-specific immunoglobulins C-IgM, C-IgG and C-IgA were investigated under suspicion of systemic candidosis in critically ill patients. A total of 143 urine cultures were studied for Candida from 74 adults and a median count of log 3.0 CFU ml-1 was found.

Fungal resistance.

Fungal resistance is caused by an acquisition of intrinsically resistant species, by selection of resistant strains from a population or by mutation of an initially susceptible strain. According to different classes of antimycotics there are different resistance mechanisms: differences in the uptake mechanisms, drug target alterations, mostly the ergosterol-biosynthesis pathway, and the efflux or pumping mechanisms to the outside.