Patterns of trauma-induced coagulopathy in injured children: A principal component analysis investigating endothelial, coagulation, and platelet biomarkers.

Background: Trauma-induced coagulopathy is common and associated with poor outcomes in injured children. Our aim was to identify patterns of coagulopathy after injury using endothelial, platelet, and coagulation biomarkers, and associate these phenotypes with relevant patient factors and clinical outcomes in a pediatric trauma cohort.

Methods: Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on data from injured children between 2018 and 2022.

Prostate-Specific Antigen and Prostate Cancer in Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Transgender or Nonbinary Individuals.

Purpose: The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate cancer incidence in transgender or nonbinary individuals (TGNB) born with prostate glands remain uncharacterized.

Methods And Materials: The cohort included 1024 self-identified TGNB individuals assigned male at birth who received PSA testing in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, matched by birth year to cisgender men. PSA changes were measured using linear-mixed effects modeling accounting for repeated measures and matching.

IMPACT-FH Study for Implementing Innovative Family Communication and Cascade Testing Strategies for Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Relatives of probands diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) should undergo cascade testing for FH.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate probands' choices of innovative strategies to communicate their FH result with relatives and facilitate cascade testing uptake.

Methods: Probands with an FH genetic result from the MyCode Community Health Initiative could choose to share their FH result with adult blood relatives via the Family and Healthcare Professional Packet (packet), family sharing and cascade chatbots (chatbot), and/or FH Outreach and Support Program (direct contact).

Innovative Implementation Strategies for Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cascade Testing: The Impact of Genetic Counseling.

The IMPACT-FH study implemented strategies (packet, chatbot, direct contact) to promote family member cascade testing for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We evaluated the impact of genetic counseling (GC) on medical outcomes, strategy selection, and cascade testing. Probands (i.

Prostate-Specific Antigen Stratification for Predicting Advanced Prostate Cancer Events in Men Approaching Age Limits for Recommended Screening.

Purpose: Our goal was to quantify the ability of various PSA values in predicting the likelihood of developing metastatic or fatal prostate cancer in older men.

Materials And Methods: We used a random sample of patients in the US Veterans Health Administration to identify 80,706 men who had received PSA testing between ages 70 to 75. Our primary end point was time to development of either metastatic prostate cancer or death from prostate cancer.

Racial disparities in colorectal cancer outcomes and access to care: a multi-cohort analysis.

Introduction: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) Americans have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and worse survival than non-Hispanic white (NHW) Americans, but the relative contributions of biological versus access to care remain poorly characterized. This study used two nationwide cohorts in different healthcare contexts to study health system effects on this disparity.

Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry as well as the United States Veterans Health Administration (VA) to identify adults diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2010 and 2020 who identified as non-Hispanic Black (NHB) or non-Hispanic white (NHW).

Towards understanding and improving medication safety for patients with mental illness in primary care: A multimethod study.

Introduction: Medication safety incidents have been identified as an important target to improve patient safety in mental healthcare. Despite this, the causes of preventable medication safety incidents affecting patients with mental illness have historically been poorly understood, with research now addressing this knowledge gap through a healthcare professional lens. However, patients and carers can also provide complimentary insight into safety issues, and as key stakeholders in healthcare, it is vital to consider their needs when designing effective interventions.

Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Imaging of Integrated Circuits Using a Scanning Electron Microscope and Transition-Edge Sensor Spectrometer.

X-ray nanotomography is a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscale materials and structures, but it is difficult to implement due to the competing requirements of X-ray flux and spot size. Due to this constraint, state-of-the-art nanotomography is predominantly performed at large synchrotron facilities. We present a laboratory-scale nanotomography instrument that achieves nanoscale spatial resolution while addressing the limitations of conventional tomography tools.

Impact of hypocalcemia on mortality in pediatric trauma patients who require transfusion.

Background: Admission hypocalcemia has been associated with poor outcomes in injured adults. The impact of hypocalcemia on mortality has not been widely studied in pediatric trauma.

Methods: A pediatric trauma center database was queried retrospectively (2013-2022) for children younger than 18 years who received blood transfusion within 24 hours of injury and had ionized calcium (iCal) level on admission.

The Efficacy of Low-Titer Group O Whole Blood Compared With Component Therapy in Civilian Trauma Patients: A Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To assess if transfusion with low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is associated with improved early and/or late survival compared with component blood product therapy (CT) in bleeding trauma patients.

Data Sources: A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science was performed from their inception through December 1, 2023. Key terms included injury, hemorrhage, bleeding, blood transfusion, and whole blood.

The Role of Radical Cystectomy in Clinically Node Positive Bladder Cancer: A US Veterans Health Administration Study.

Introduction: The role of local definitive therapy in addition to systemic treatment in clinically positive regional lymph node (cN+) bladder cancer is yet to be determined. Herein, we sought to investigate the role of radical cystectomy (RC) in management of patients with cN+ bladder cancer at US Veterans Health Administration Facilities.

Methods: We identified patients diagnosed with cN+ bladder cancer between 2000-2017 using the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI).

Thermochemical Studies of Small Carbohydrates.

Despite their prevalence in biomass and importance in biochemistry, there is still much to be learned about simple carbohydrates. Gas-phase calculations are reported here on two trioses and three tetroses. For aldotetroses, both the open-chain and furanose forms are considered.

Potential Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Pharmacy Residency Match Rate and Match Participation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate if a correlation exists between a student's self-identified race or ethnicity and their rates of participating in the match or matching with a pharmacy residency.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included pharmacy graduates from 2016 through 2021 at two schools/colleges of pharmacy, a Historically Black College or University and a non-Historically Black College or University. The primary outcome was to compare the percentage of underrepresented minority (URM) students and non-URM students who successfully matched with a postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency.

Use of whole blood in pediatric trauma: a narrative review.

Balanced hemostatic resuscitation has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with both pediatric and adult trauma. Cold-stored, low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) has been increasingly used as a primary resuscitation product in trauma in recent years. Benefits of LTOWB include rapid, balanced resuscitation in one product, platelets stored at 4°C, fewer additives and fewer donor exposures.

Endotheliopathy of trauma in children: The association of syndecan-1 with injury and poor outcomes.

Background: The contribution of the endothelium to trauma-induced coagulopathy has not been thoroughly investigated in injured children.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of children (younger than 18 years) who presented with a potentially severe injury to an academic pediatric trauma center. Syndecan-1 level was collected on arrival and 24 hours following hospital arrival.

Net effects explains the benefits to children from maternal fish consumption despite methylmercury in fish.

In 2001 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued precautionary advice to pregnant women to limit fish consumption over concern that the methylmercury content might harm their children's neurodevelopment.

Ranking Food Safety Priorities of the Fresh Produce Industry in the United States.

A broad understanding of community member food safety priorities in the fresh produce supply chain does not currently exist. This information is essential to improve food safety knowledge and practices effectively and efficiently throughout the fresh produce industry; therefore, the goal of this study was to identify and rank community produce safety priorities in the United States. Survey questions were designed and approved by food safety experts for participants to rank 24 fresh produce safety priorities.

Yield of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Genetic and Phenotypic Diagnoses After Electronic Health Record and Genomic Data Screening.

Background Data mining of electronic health records to identify patients suspected of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) has been limited by absence of both phenotypic and genomic data in the same cohort. Methods and Results Using the Geisinger MyCode Community Health Initiative cohort (n=130 257), we ran 2 screening algorithms (Mayo Clinic [Mayo] and flag, identify, network, deliver [FIND] FH) to determine FH genetic and phenotypic diagnostic yields. With 29 243 excluded by Mayo (for secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia, no lipid value in electronic health records), 52 034 excluded by FIND FH (insufficient data to run the model), and 187 excluded for prior FH diagnosis, a final cohort of 59 729 participants was created.

Age-related changes in thromboelastography profiles in injured children.

Background: The role of age in mediating coagulation characteristics in injured children is not well defined. We hypothesize thromboelastography (TEG) profiles are unique across pediatric age groups.

Methods: Consecutive trauma patients younger than 18 years from a Level I pediatric trauma center database from 2016 to 2020 with TEG obtained on arrival to the trauma bay were identified.