Caregiver Experiences With an Internet-Delivered Insomnia Intervention: SHUTi-CARE Trial Primary Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Digital health interventions show potential to increase caregivers' access to psychosocial care; however, it is unclear to what extent existing interventions may need to be tailored to meet caregivers' unique needs.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether-and if so, how-an efficacious Internet-delivered insomnia program should be modified for caregivers. The generalizability of these findings beyond the tested program was also examined.

Caregivers' Internet-Delivered Insomnia Intervention Engagement and Benefit: SHUTi-CARE Trial Primary Quantitative Analysis.

Background: Delivering insomnia treatment by the Internet holds promise for increasing care access to family caregivers, but their ability to adhere to and benefit from such fully-automated programs has not been rigorously tested.

Purpose: This fully-powered, single-group trial tested whether characteristics of the caregiving context influence high-intensity caregivers' engagement with and benefit from an empirically validated Internet intervention for insomnia.

Methods: At baseline, caregivers providing unpaid time- and responsibility-intensive care who reported insomnia (N = 100; age M = 52.

Extreme value statistics of jump processes.

We investigate extreme value statistics (EVS) of general discrete time and continuous space symmetric jump processes. We first show that for unbounded jump processes, the semi-infinite propagator G_{0}(x,n), defined as the probability for a particle issued from zero to be at position x after n steps whilst staying positive, is the key ingredient needed to derive a variety of joint distributions of extremes and times at which they are reached. Along with exact expressions, we extract universal asymptotic behaviors of such quantities.

Human and Porcine Lumbar Endplate Injury Risk in Repeated Flexion-Compression.

Low back pain (LBP) affects 50-80% of adults at some point in their lifetime, yet the etiology of injury is not well understood. Those exposed to repeated flexion-compression are at a higher risk for LBP, such as helicopter pilots and motor vehicle operators. Animal injury models offer insight into in vivo injury mechanisms, but interspecies scaling is needed to relate animal results to human.

Transcriptional profiles of pulmonary artery endothelial cells in pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. There are no data from living patients to inform whether differential gene expression of pulmonary artery ECs (PAECs) can discern disease subtypes, progression and pathogenesis. We aimed to further validate our previously described method to propagate ECs from right heart catheter (RHC) balloon tips and to perform additional PAEC phenotyping.

Light at the ENDothelium-role of Sox17 and Runx1 in endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that is characterized by an obliterative vasculopathy of the distal pulmonary circulation. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology, currently approved medical therapies for PAH act primarily as pulmonary vasodilators and fail to address the underlying processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease. Endothelial dysregulation in response to stress, injury or physiologic stimuli followed by perivascular infiltration of immune cells plays a prominent role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of PAH.

Health literacy and the role of social support in different age groups: results of a German cross-sectional survey.

Background: Scholars demand more focus on context-related factors of health literacy as the management of health information is seen as a social practice. One prominent factor is social support that is expected to be particularly relevant for persons vulnerable for low health literacy. It was shown that health literacy can differ across the life span and especially older people have been demonstrated to be vulnerable for low health literacy.

Exploring disease-causing traits for drug repurposing in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A causal inference approach.

Despite recent development of vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients remains an important goal. In principle, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) provide a shortcut to the clinical evidence needed to repurpose existing drugs; however, genes identified frequently lack a causal disease link. We report an alternative method for finding drug repurposing targets, focusing on disease-causing traits beyond immediate disease genetics.

Nitrite Formation at a Diiron Dinitrosyl Complex.

Pathogenic bacteria employ iron-containing enzymes to detoxify nitric oxide (NO) produced by mammals as part of their immune response. Two classes of diiron proteins, flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases (FNORs) and the hemerythrin-like proteins from mycobacteria (HLPs), are upregulated in bacteria in response to an increased local NO concentration. While FNORs reduce NO to nitrous oxide (NO), the HLPs have been found to either reduce nitrite to NO (YtfE), or oxidize NO to nitrite (-HLP).

[Navigational health literacy of the population in Germany].

Aim: Many health care systems are characterized by their high complexity and intransparency. Finding one's way through the multitude of services and finding the right place requires high navigational health literacy (NHL). NHL is defined as the ability to manoeuvre through the health care system and deal with the information required to do so.

Burden of pulmonary hypertension due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Analysis of exacerbations and healthcare resource utilization in the United States.

Background: The burden of pulmonary hypertension (PH) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well understood. The present retrospective cohort study aimed to quantify the clinical and economic burden of PH in patients with COPD.

Methods: Adults with COPD were retrospectively identified in the Optum® Clinformatics® Data Mart between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2021.

Deletion of the gene increases severity of acute lung injury in obese mice.

Previous studies have shown that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) attenuates agonist-induced pulmonary edema and that this effect may be mediated in part by the ANP clearance receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C). Obesity has been associated with lower plasma ANP levels due to increased expression of NPR-C, and with decreased severity of acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, we hypothesized that increased expression of NPR-C may attenuate ALI severity in obese populations.

Leftward, rightward, and complete exit-time distributions of jump processes.

First-passage properties of continuous stochastic processes confined in a one-dimensional interval are well described. However, for jump processes (discrete random walks), the characterization of the corresponding observables remains elusive, despite their relevance in various contexts. Here we derive exact asymptotic expressions for the leftward, rightward, and complete exit-time distributions from the interval [0,x] for symmetric jump processes starting from x_{0}=0, in the large x and large time limit.

[Health Literacy of People with Former Soviet Union and Turkish Migration Background in Germany].

Aim: So far, there are hardly any data on the health literacy of persons with a migration background in Germany. The aim of the article was to analyse the health literacy of this population group - particularly persons who originate in Turkey and the former Soviet Union (FSU).

Methodology: In summer 2020, face-to-face interviews with 525 persons with FSU and 512 persons with Turkish migration background above the age of 18 were carried out across Germany.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chronic disease management and patient reported outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension: The Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry.

To better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with pulmonary hypertension, we conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating health insurance status, healthcare access, disease severity, and patient reported outcomes in this population. Using the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry (PHAR), we defined and extracted a longitudinal cohort of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients from the PHAR's inception in 2015 until March 2022. We used generalized estimating equations to model the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient outcomes, adjusting for demographic confounders.

Enhancer Variants Disrupt Transcription Factor Binding And Enhancer Inactivity Drives Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, increased vascular resistance, and right-sided heart failure. Genome-wide association studies of idiopathic/heritable PAH established novel genetic risk variants, including conserved enhancers upstream of transcription factor (TF) containing 2 independent signals. SOX17 is an important TF in embryonic development and in the homeostasis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAEC) in the adult.

Erratum: Health disparities and treatment approaches in portopulmonary hypertension and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: An analysis of the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/20458940211020913.].

Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty.

This study explores how researchers' analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis.

Closing the Infrastructure Gap for Decarbonization: The Case for an Integrated Mineral Supply Agreement.

Significant amounts of feedstock metals will be required to build the infrastructure for the green energy transition. It is currently estimated, however, that the world may be facing an "infrastructure gap" that could prevent us from meeting United Nations Sustainable Development Goal targets. Prior investigations have focused on the extractive aspects of the mining industry to meet these targets and on looming bottlenecks and regional challenges in these upstream market segments.

Splitting Probabilities of Symmetric Jump Processes.

We derive a universal, exact asymptotic form of the splitting probability for symmetric continuous jump processes, which quantifies the probability π_{0,[under x]_}(x_{0}) that the process crosses x before 0 starting from a given position x_{0}∈[0,x] in the regime x_{0}≪x. This analysis provides in particular a fully explicit determination of the transmission probability (x_{0}=0), in striking contrast with the trivial prediction π_{0,[under x]_}(0)=0 obtained by taking the continuous limit of the process, which reveals the importance of the microscopic properties of the dynamics. These results are illustrated with paradigmatic models of jump processes with applications to light scattering in heterogeneous media in realistic 3D slab geometries.

Differences in health literacy domains among migrants and their descendants in Germany.

Background: Health literacy (HL) is considered to be an important precondition for health. HL research often identifies migrants as vulnerable for low HL. However, in-depth data on HL among migrants especially in its domains of health care, disease prevention and health promotion and its determinants are still scarce.

Recommendations for Medical and Mental Health Care in Assisted Living Based on an Expert Delphi Consensus Panel: A Consensus Statement.

Importance: Assisted living (AL) is the largest provider of residential long-term care in the US, and the morbidity of AL residents has been rising. However, AL is not a health care setting, and concern has been growing about residents' medical and mental health needs. No guidance exists to inform this care.

Chitinase 3 like 1 contributes to the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.

Chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1) is the prototypic chitinase-like protein mediating inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Limited data suggest CHI3L1 is elevated in human pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and is associated with disease severity. Despite its importance as a regulator of injury/repair responses, the relationship between CHI3L1 and pulmonary vascular remodeling is not well understood.