Implementing a person centred collaborative health care model - A qualitative study on patient experiences.

Background: Collaborative Health Care (CHC) is a unique model in which ambulance services, home health care, hospital care and the national telephone helpline for healthcare in Sweden - Swedish health care direct (SHD1177) collaborate to provide the fastest possible health care for inhabitants living in eleven municipalities in western region of Sweden.

Aim: To explore how patients experience and perceive health care received in the CHC.

Method: Qualitative descriptive study using open-ended individual telephone interviews with fifteen community dwelling persons with experiences of care throughthe model CHC were conducted.

DETECTION OF AN ARENAVIRUS IN A GROUP OF CAPTIVE WAGLER'S PIT VIPERS ().

A group of eight Wagler's pit vipers () from a private collection died with respiratory signs within 6 mo of one another. The group consisted of an adult breeding pair that was wild caught and six offspring from this pair. Four of the dead snakes were submitted for gross and histopathology.

Auditory midbrain implant: histomorphologic effects of long-term implantation and electric stimulation of a new deep brain stimulation array.

Hypothesis: Chronic implantation and electric stimulation with a human prototype auditory midbrain implant (AMI) array within the inferior colliculus achieves minimal neuronal damage and does not cause any severe complications.

Background: An AMI array has been developed for patients with neural deafness and, based on animal studies, has shown to possess potential as an auditory prosthesis in humans. To investigate the safety of the AMI for clinical use, we characterized the histomorphologic effects of chronic implantation and stimulation within its target structure, the inferior colliculus.

"East side story": on being an epidemiologist in the former USSR: an interview with Marcus Klingberg.

Marcus Klingberg was born on 7 October 1918, in Warsaw, Poland, into a Hasidic, rabbinical family. After the Nazi invasion of Poland, he escaped to the USSR where he trained and worked as an epidemiologist from 1939 to 1945. For 35 years after the war, he continued his professional work in Israel.

Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of plastid-containing euglenophytes based on SSU rDNA sequence comparisons and synapomorphic signatures in the SSU rRNA secondary structure.

Sequence comparisons and a revised classification of the Euglenophyceae were based on 92 new SSU rDNA sequences obtained from strains of Euglena, Astasia, Phacus, Trachelomonas, Colacium, Cryptoglena, Lepocinclis, Eutreptia, Eutreptiella and Tetreutreptia. Sequence data also provided molecular signatures for taxa from genus to class level in the SSU rRNA secondary structure, revealed by a novel approach (search for non-homoplasious synapomorphies) and used for taxonomic diagnoses. Photosynthetic euglenoids and secondary heterotrophs formed a clade, designated as Euglenophyceae (emend.

Phylogenetic position and inter-relationships of the osmotrophic euglenids based on SSU rDNA data, with emphasis on the Rhabdomonadales (Euglenozoa).

In order to reconstruct the evolution of euglenid flagellates, euglenozoan SSU rDNA data have been used to investigate phylogenetic relationships with a focus on osmotrophic taxa and especially on the Rhabdomonadales. The dataset consisting of the SSU rDNAs of osmotrophic, phagotrophic and phototrophic taxa was used in parsimony, maximum-likelihood and distance analyses. Five genera make up the Rhabdomonadales, all of them osmotrophic: Gyropaigne, Menoidium, Parmidium, Rhabdomonas and Rhabdospira.

Phylogenetic Relationships among the Cryptophyta: Analyses of Nuclear-Encoded SSU rRNA Sequences Support the Monophyly of Extant Plastid-Containing Lineages.

The Cryptophyta comprise photoautotrophic protists with complex plastids which harbor a remnant eukaryotic nucleus (nucleomorph) and a few heterotrophic taxa which either lack a plastid (Goniomonas) or contain a complex plastid devoid of pigments (Ieucoplast; Chilomonas). To resolve the phylogenetic relationships between photosynthetic, leucoplast-containing and aplastidial taxa, we determined complete nuclear-encoded SSU rRNA-sequences from 12 cryptophyte taxa representing the genera Cryptomonas, Chilomonas, Rhodomonas, Chroomonas, Hemiselmis, Proteomonas and Teleaulax and, as an outgroup taxon, Cyanoptyche gloeocystis (Glaucocystophyta). Phylogenetic analyses of SSU rRNA sequences from a total of 24 cryptophyte taxa rooted with 4 glaucocystophyte taxa using distance, parsimony and likelihood methods as well as LogDet transformations invariably position the aplastidial genus Goniomonas as a sister taxon to a monophyletic lineage consisting of all plastid containing cryptophytes including Chilomonas.

Severe deficits of adaptive behaviour after lesions of rat's nucleus reticularis pontis oralis.

Hooded rats of the Long-Evans strain with bilateral symmetric lesions of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (RPO) displayed locomotor hyperactivity in the open field (OF) compared with their preoperative values. Their locomotor velocity and their climbing rate were significantly enhanced. Habituation in the OF was significantly weakened.

A study of three techniques for time-space clustering in Hodgkin's disease.

Three techniques for disease time-space clustering analysis, those of Knox, Mantel and Ederer-Myers-Mantel, were applied to simulated data so as to study their sensitivities. The simulated data corresponded to three alternative non-null models for the distribution, transmission and development of Hodgkin's disease (HD) which were formulated in accordance with the results of published studies. The results indicate that the three techniques may not be sufficiently sensitive to the clustering in a real data set of HD cases.

Birth defects monitoring.

Population monitoring of birth defects provides a means for detecting relative changes in their frequency. Many varied systems have been developed throughout the world since the thalidomide tragedy of the early 1960s. Although it is difficult to pinpoint specific teratogenic agents based on rises in rates of a particular defect or a constellation of defects, monitoring systems can provide clues for hypothesis testing in epidemiological investigations.

Influenza surveillance in Israel, 1976--77.

An influenza surveillance program developed and conducted in three districts in Israel during winter 1976--77, was based mainly on morbidity data in the general population, corroborated by sero-epidemiologic surveys on selected groups. This information was supplemented by data on mortality organized according to specific age groups. During the period under study, similar results were observed in each of the three districts surveyed.

Monitoring of influenza in Israel 1976/77.

The main objectives of the monitoring were: (1) to define the prevalent virus involved in influenza activity: (2) to determine the time of its occurrence; and (3) to evaluate its extent and impact. A sudden rise in the frequency of visits associated with acute respiratory conditions in the age group 0-14 to the emergency rooms of 14 hospitals throughout the country, correlated well with the start of influenza B/Hong Kong activity; this was simultaneously attested by two different laboratories. The later and sporadic occurrence of influenza A/Victoria activity did not affect the usual trend observed in the frequency of visits to emergency rooms.

Influenza immunization: serologic and clinical responses in military units.

Two inactivated influenza-virus vaccines were tested and compared in three army training units in Israel. The serological responses to the vaccines and the side-effects were assessed. The vaccines contained the influenza strains which were prevalent in 1974: A2/Port Chalmers/1/73 and B/Hong Kong/8/73.

[Epidemiological findings in the study of congenital malformations].

Experience with thalidomide and German measles contracted during pregnancy has focused attention on the question of birth defects. It is suggested that good reasons exist for the carrying out epidemiological investigations to establish the true incidence and geographical and social distribution of such deformities, and hence their possibly "environmental" origin at least in some instances. Such investigations would supplement research into experimental teratology.