Injury and illness among Norwegian Olympic athletes during preparation for five consecutive Summer and Winter Games.

Objective: To describe the patterns of health problems among Norwegian Olympic candidates during their preparations for five consecutive Olympic Games (London 2012, Sochi 2014, Rio de Janeiro 2016, PyeongChang 2018 and Tokyo 2020).

Methods: This was a descriptive epidemiological study using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems to collect data on all self-reported health problems from Norwegian Olympic candidate athletes for 12-18 months prior to each Olympic Games. Team physicians and physiotherapists followed up the athlete reports, providing clinical care and classifying reported problems according to the International Olympic Committee 2020 consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport.

Methods, challenges and benefits of a health monitoring programme for Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic athletes: the road from London 2012 to Tokyo 2020.

Objective: To describe the implementation of a health monitoring programme for Norwegian Paralympic and Olympic candidates over five consecutive Olympic and Paralympic Games cycles (London 2012, Sochi 2014, Rio de Janeiro 2016, PyeongChang 2018 and Tokyo 2020).

Methods: Athletes were monitored for 12-18 months preparing for the games using a weekly online questionnaire (OSTRC-H2) with follow-up by physicians and physiotherapists, who provided clinical care and classified reported problems.

Results: Between 2011 and 2020, 533 Olympic and 95 Paralympic athletes were included in the monitoring programme, with an overall response of 79% to the weekly questionnaire and a total observation period of 30 826 athlete weeks.

Leukocyte recruitment and expression of chemokines following different forms of vascular injury.

Unlabelled: Inflammation plays a central role in restenosis following coronary intervention. Recent human and animal data suggest important differences between the inflammatory responses to simple balloon angioplasty compared with stent implantation. To investigate the mechanisms of these differences, New Zealand white rabbits underwent bilateral iliac artery balloon denudation.

Low-risk percutaneous coronary interventions without on-site cardiac surgery: two years' observational experience and follow-up.

Background: We studied the safety and efficacy of performing low-risk elective and acute infarct percutaneous coronary interventions at a community hospital without cardiac surgical capability.

Methods: Immanuel St Joseph's Hospital is located 85 miles from St Mary's Hospital, which is the nearest center with on-site cardiac surgery. All components of the Mayo Clinic percutaneous coronary intervention program were replicated at Immanuel St Joseph's Hospital, including a telemedicine system to enable real-time consultation with interventional and cardiac surgical colleagues during procedures.

Design-Dependent Variations in Coronary Stent Stenosis Measured as Precisely by Angiography as by Histology.

BACKGROUND: Coronary stent restenosis is a growing clinical concern which, because restenosis may vary with stent design, requires a validated, accurate and sensitive method of evaluation as new stents are developed. Histologic analysis of arterial cross sections, a highly accurate tool in animal models, has limited applicability in humans. Quantitative coronary angiography, while commonly used in the clinical evaluation of coronary interventions, has a controversial role as an adequate measure of restenosis, and few studies have validated quantitative angiography in diseased arteries.

Design-Dependent Variations in Coronary Stent Stenosis Measured as Precisely by Angiography as by Histology.

BACKGROUND: Coronary stent restenosis is a growing clinical concern which, because restenosis may vary with stent design, requires a validated, accurate, and sensitive method of evaluation as new stents are developed. Histologic analysis of arterial cross sections, a highly accurate tool in animal models, has limited applicability in humans. Quantitative coronary angiography, while commonly used in the clinical evaluation of coronary interventions, has a controversial role as an adequate measure of restenosis, and few studies have validated quantitative angiography in diseased arteries.

Lung cancer mortality after 16 years in MRFIT participants in intervention and usual-care groups. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

Purpose: The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), a randomized clinical trial for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease, enrolled 12,866 men (including 8194 cigarette smokers) aged 35-57 years at 22 clinical centers across the United States. Participants were randomized either to special intervention (SI), which included an intensive smoking cessation program, or to usual care (UC). After 16 years of follow-up, lung cancer mortality rates were higher in the SI than in the UC group.

Brief description of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) was one of the coronary heart disease prevention trials recommended to the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1971 as an alternative to a national single-factor dietary trial, which was judged to be infeasible. MRFIT was a randomized, primary prevention trial, conducted at 22 US clinical centers from 1973 to 1982 to test whether lowering elevated serum cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure and ceasing cigarette smoking would reduce coronary heart disease mortality. Men 35-57 y of age (n = 12,866) with one or more of these risk factors were randomly assigned to the special intervention (SI) or usual care (UC) group and followed for 6-8 y.

Relationship to blood pressure of combinations of dietary macronutrients. Findings of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).

Background: Elevated blood pressure remains a widespread major impediment to health. Obesity and specific dietary factors such as high salt and alcohol intake and low potassium intake adversely affect blood pressure. It is a reasonable hypothesis that additional dietary constituents, particularly macronutrients, may also influence blood pressure.

Recruitment of participants in the Lung Health Study, I: Description of methods.

The recruitment experience is described for a large multicenter clinical trial, the Lung Health Study, which required the screening of more than 73,000 male and female smokers aged 35-60. This paper summarizes the plans, methods, and recruiting experience of the 10 participating clinical centers. Recruitment proposals were prepared by each clinical center as part of the contract application process.

Constitutive activation of the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor by all amino acid substitutions at a single site. Evidence for a region which constrains receptor activation.

Mutations in an intracellular region of the alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor constitutively activate the receptor, resulting in G protein coupling in the absence of agonist, as evidenced by elevated levels of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis. Remarkably, all 19 possible amino acid substitutions at a single site in this region (alanine 293) confer constitutive activity. This set of mutated receptors exhibits a graded range of elevated biological activities, apparently representing a spectrum of receptor conformations which mimic the "active" state of the wild type receptor.

Discrete amino acid sequences of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor determine the selectivity of coupling to phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis.

We have constructed a variety of chimeric beta 2/alpha 1 adrenergic receptors (AR) in which selected portions of the third intracellular loop of the alpha (1B)AR were substituted into the corresponding regions of the beta 2AR. The mutant receptors were both transiently and permanently expressed in COS-7 or L-cells, respectively, and tested for their ability to mediate epinephrine-induced activation of polyphosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and adenylylcyclase. We have determined that 27 amino acids of the alpha (1B)AR (residues 233-259) derived from the N-terminal portion of the third intracellular loop represent the structural determinant conferring to the beta 2AR the ability to activate PI hydrolysis.

Relationship between carotenoids and cancer. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) Study.

We evaluated the baseline serum levels of beta carotene, total carotenoids, vitamin A and E, and retinol-binding protein among 156 initially healthy men who participated in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) and who subsequently died of cancer and 311 controls individually matched for age, smoking status, randomization group, date of randomization, and clinical center. Both total carotenoids and beta carotene levels were lower in the 66 lung cancer cases than in their matched controls. For all cancer deaths combined, there were no significant differences in total carotenoids or beta carotene between cases and controls.

Overall and coronary heart disease mortality rates in relation to major risk factors in 325,348 men screened for the MRFIT. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

The influence of risk factors on CHD and all-cause mortality rates in 35- to 57-year-old men is examined by means of data on 325,348 white men who were screened for the MRFIT. This large data set permits an unusually detailed analysis of factors associated with the 6968 deaths, including 2426 ascribed to CHD, that were detected in the Social Security Administration data set during 6 years of follow-up. Simple cross classification of the data confirms the independent effect of serum cholesterol concentration, diastolic blood pressure, and cigarette smoking as risk factors for CHD and all-cause mortality rates.