Justice for me and for all: Longitudinal analysis of justice perceptions across demographic indicators.

Most research on justice perceptions stems from high-income contexts, even though most youth grow up in contexts of inequality and injustice. This study examines the development of justice perceptions in 659 Brazilian adolescents (51.3% male; 45.

Midwifery professional placement: Undergraduate students' experiences with novice and expert preceptors.

Background: In recent decades, increased midwifery university places have been offered to address midwifery workforce shortages. As a result, more graduate midwives entered the workforce, in turn leading to more midwifery students precepted by novice midwives when on professional placement. It is not known whether this more junior midwifery workforce impacts student experience.

First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment.

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t.

High-throughput single-molecule quantification of individual base stacking energies in nucleic acids.

Base stacking interactions between adjacent bases in DNA and RNA are important for many biological processes and in biotechnology applications. Previous work has estimated stacking energies between pairs of bases, but contributions of individual bases has remained unknown. Here, we use a Centrifuge Force Microscope for high-throughput single molecule experiments to measure stacking energies between adjacent bases.

Health behaviours and COVID-19 prevention among immigrants in the United States.

Recent studies indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has had negative implications for the welfare of immigrant communities. However, few studies have examined the behavioural responses used by immigrants to respond to the spread of the virus. This study uses data from the U.

Racial/ethnic and nativity disparities in U.S. Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy during vaccine rollout and factors that explain them.

While research has begun to investigate disparities in Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy between White, Black and Hispanic adults, no nationally representative studies to date have accounted for Hispanic immigrants as a unique group or fully investigated the reasons behind racial/ethnic and nativity disparities. We make these contributions by substantively drawing from what is known about the ways that immigrant fear and structural racism create conditions that produce countervailing forces that are likely to contribute to racial/ethnic and nativity disparities in vaccine hesitancy. We use OLS regression and decomposition techniques to analyze data from 1936 18-65 year-old United States (U.

Translational Research on Caregiver Reading and Playing Behaviors: Evidence from an In Vivo Community-based Intervention throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study provides a rigorous assessment of a community-based early child development (ECD) intervention to understand the drivers of caregivers' reading and playing practices in a low-resourced township in South Africa. Mentors visited 157 homes biweekly (2474 observations from 2019-21; children ages 0-5), completing surveys regarding caregiver behaviors and engagement. One hundred and fifty-seven caregivers (mostly Black, Zulu women) participated in the program during this time period and completed surveys biannually on their support system (modified version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Support) and ECD beliefs (modified versions of the Parental Play Beliefs Scale and the Parent Opinion Survey).

Racial Family Configurations and Inequalities in Private School Enrollment Among Adopted Children.

This study uses data from the American Community Survey to examine the relationship between race, family configurations, and inequalities in private school enrollment among adoptees. We find that private school enrollment is higher in transracial than in same-race families. This disparity is driven by the outcomes of adoptees in transracial families with zero rather than one same-race parent.

A Model of Combined Exposure to Nicotine and Tetrahydrocannabinol Electronic Cigarettes in Pregnant Rats.

Nicotine and cannabis are two of the most commonly consumed licit and illicit drugs during pregnancy, often consumed together e-cigarettes. Vaping is assumed to be a safer alternative than traditional routes of consumption, yet the potential consequences of prenatal e-cigarette exposure are largely unknown, particularly when these two drugs are co-consumed. In a novel co-exposure model, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received nicotine (36 mg/mL), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (100 mg/mL), the combination, or the vehicle e-cigarettes daily from gestational days 5-20, mimicking the first and second human trimesters.

Fast neutron activation of ubiquitous materials.

Nuclear explosions expose ubiquitous materials to large numbers of neutrons, producing a variety of radioactive isotopes. To simulate such phenomena from both fission and thermonuclear explosions, we irradiated 29 different targets with approximately 3 and 14 MeV neutrons and measured the beta-delayed gamma rays using germanium detectors. For each neutron energy, the expected radioisotopes, half-lives, and gamma ray energies were deduced.

Parental STEM credentials and children's schooling progress in immigrant and U.S. born families.

Although many previous studies have examined the outcomes of STEM graduates, there is very limited research examining the educational attainment of their children. Given the increasing contribution of immigration to the supply of STEM graduates, we use data from the ACS to examine disparities in children's schooling progress in the families of immigrant and U.S born STEM graduates.

A dark lens or a dark world? Conceptualising Justice Capital.

Perceptions of justice have been extensively researched within just world theory as both defensive coping mechanisms and as personal resources. This paper advocates for more programmatic efforts to be devoted to understanding perceptions of justice as rational reflections of individual access to justice. Justice Capital is conceptualised here as an individual difference based on status, microsystem authorities, effort-effect pipeline, voice, and society.

Adoption Status and Parental Investments: A Within-sibling Approach.

Recent studies have found that adoptive parents invest in their children equally or more than biological parents do. Most of these studies observed relationships across families, comparing families with adopted children to those without. In this study, alternatively, we focused on within-family comparisons to more fully isolate the relationship between biological ties and parental investments.

Tolerance to high temperature by arboreal mammals using nest boxes in southern Australia.

Nest boxes are used to manage populations of tree-cavity dependent birds and mammals. Concerns have been raised that due to their poor insulative properties nest boxes may cause heat stress and occasionally death during summers of extreme maximum temperatures. Our study investigated whether this nest box heat stress hypothesis applies to two small cavity-dependent mammals (brush-tailed phascogales and sugar gliders).

Spectroscopic and TDDFT investigation of highly selective fluoride sensors by substituted acyl hydrazones.

In this work, we report the synthesis of two receptors for fluoride ions based on acyl hydrazone, such as N'-[(1Z)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylidene]benzohydrazide (R1) and N'-[(1Z)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]benzohydrazide (R2). The receptors R1 and R2 were synthesized from the corresponding ketones and benzoic acid hydrazide and characterized spectroscopically by UV-visible, IR and HNMR techniques. The response of R1 and R2 towards different anions was studied colourimetrically in acetonitrile.

What Predicts Pre-adolescent Compliance with Family Rules? A Longitudinal Analysis of Parental Discipline, Procedural Justice, and Legitimacy Evaluations.

During adolescence, individuals make judgements on the legitimacy of authorities to make and enforce rules and they differentiate between various types of rules. This study tracked a socially and racially diverse sample (47% White) of 800 Brazilians for three years, ages 11-13 (50% female), allowing for variation between issues and individuals. The strongest predictors of compliance were adolescents' beliefs that parents were legitimate authorities.

Adoption status and disparities in the familial configurations of children.

Few studies have examined the familial configurations of adopted children and how these configurations differ from those of non-adoptees. As a result, this study examines the relationship between adoption status and inequalities in the family structure of children. Our results indicate that adopted children are more likely to live in nuclear families compared to non- adopted children.

Parental influence and private school enrollment among children in blended families.

In this study, the analysis examines how variations in parental influence shape private school enrollment among children in blended families. The results show that investment in private schooling for children is higher in families with notable parental income differences than in families with parents with similar incomes. Net of these factors, however, parents in nuclear families are more likely to invest in the provision of private schooling compared to parents in blended families.

Conductance quantisation in patterned gate InGaAs structures up to 6 × (2e /h).

We present electrical measurements from InGaAs 1D channel devices with Rashba-type, spin-orbit coupling present in the 2D contact regions. Suppressed backscattering as a result of the time-reversal asymmetry at the 1D channel entrance results in enhanced ballistic transport characteristics with clear quantised conductance plateaus up to 6  ×  (2e /h). Applying DC voltages between the source and drain ohmic contacts and an in-plane magnetic field confirms a ballistic transport picture.

The surprisingly large neutron capture cross-section of Zr.

The probability that a nucleus will absorb a neutron-the neutron capture cross-section-is important to many areas of nuclear science, including stellar nucleosynthesis, reactor performance, nuclear medicine and defence applications. Although neutron capture cross-sections have been measured for most stable nuclei, fewer results exist for radioactive isotopes, and statistical-model predictions typically have large uncertainties. There are almost no nuclear data for neutron-induced reactions of the radioactive nucleus Zr, despite its importance as a diagnostic for nuclear security.

Imprinting of a Nonpheromonal Cue and Its Protective Effect on Alien Male-Induced Implantation Failure in Mice.

Bruce effect or alien male-induced implantation failure is a well-studied phenomenon in mice. The presence of stud male during exposure to an alien male protects the female from implantation failure. The pheromones of the stud male are imprinted in the female at the time of mating and act as a luteotrophic agent.

Justice Perceptions and Demographics of Privilege Among Brazilian Adolescents.

Drawing from just world theory and system justification theory, this study explores how privileged status influences perceptions of justice. Data from 475 Brazilian adolescents across three schools shed light on how adolescents' social demographics (ethnicity, education, and income) influence their perceptions of fairness. Adolescents from higher income or educational privilege backgrounds had higher personal belief in a just world (BJW), and better perceptions of legal authorities, but lower general BJW.

Effect of Financial Incentives on Breastfeeding: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Although breastfeeding has a positive effect on an infant's health and development, the prevalence is low in many communities. The effect of financial incentives to improve breastfeeding prevalence is unknown.

Objective: To assess the effect of an area-level financial incentive for breastfeeding on breastfeeding prevalence at 6 to 8 weeks post partum.