Sex Differences, Menses-Related Symptoms and Menopause in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.

Background: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) predominate in women, but little is known about sex differences in menses-related or menopause symptoms.

Methods: Using data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Survey, we assessed Rome IV DGBI symptoms in individuals in 26 countries who met criteria for ≥ 1 of 5 DGBI: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), functional constipation (FC), functional diarrhea (FDr), or functional bloating (FB). Participants included pre- and post-menopausal women with DGBI and age-matched men.

Prediction of Patient Drug Response via 3D Bioprinted Gastric Cancer Model Utilized Patient-Derived Tissue Laden Tissue-Specific Bioink.

Despite significant research progress, tumor heterogeneity remains elusive, and its complexity poses a barrier to anticancer drug discovery and cancer treatment. Response to the same drug varies across patients, and the timing of treatment is an important factor in determining prognosis. Therefore, development of patient-specific preclinical models that can predict a patient's drug response within a short period is imperative.

Unveiling Trade-Off and Synergy in Simultaneous Removal of NO, CO, and NH on Mixed Metal Oxide Nanostructure Catalysts.

The simultaneous removal reaction (SRR) is a pioneering approach for achieving the simultaneous removal of anthropogenic NO and CO pollutants through catalytic reactions. To facilitate this removal across diverse industrial fields, it is crucial to understand the trade-offs and synergies among the multiple reactions involved in the SRR process. In this study, we developed mixed metal oxide nanostructures derived from layered double hydroxides as catalysts for the SRR, achieving high catalytic conversions of 93.

A recent large-scale intraspecific IR expansion and evolutionary dynamics of the plastome of Peucedanum japonicum.

Peucedanum japonicum (PJ), a member of the Apiaceae family, is widely distributed and cultivated in East Asian countries for edible and functional foods. In this study, we compared the plastid genomes (plastomes) and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (45S nrDNA) simultaneously from 10 PJ collections. Plastome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the PJ accessions were monophyletic within the genus Peucedanum.

Relative efficacy of systemic treatments for patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a network meta-analysis according to 17p deletion/TP53 mutations.

Purpose: This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of systemic treatments in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL), focusing on key genetic mutations, specifically the 17p deletion and TP53 mutations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review to identify all publicly available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane database, and meeting abstracts published through December 2023. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for progression-free survival (PFS) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to determine the ranking of the included regimens.

Comparison of the prognosis and lymph node metastasis between no tumor budding and low-grade tumor budding in T1 and T2 colorectal cancer.

Tumor budding is a significant prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) management and is graded as follows: 0-4 buds as low, 5-9 buds as intermediate, and > 10 buds as high. However, the specific prognostic difference between cases with 0 buds (BD0) and those with 1-4 buds (BD1) is not well established owing to a lack of comparative studies. This study aimed to examine and compare the rate of lymph node (LN) metastasis and prognosis by distinguishing between BD0 and BD1 within the low-grade category (0-4 buds) of tumor budding in submucosa (T1) and muscularis propria (T2) CRC.

Use of the Da Vinci SP surgical system in robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy: a single-center, retrospective study.

We investigated the safety and performance of the Da Vinci SP single-port robot (SP robot) in nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate reconstruction. Medical records of 60 women aged ≥ 19 years who had undergone SP robot-assisted unilateral or bilateral NSM with immediate reconstruction between October 2020 and August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Stage I (31, 47.

Prognosis of patients with breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery using a 3D-printed surgical guide after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

In breast-conserving surgery (BCS), clear resection margins are crucial to prevent recurrence. Accurate imaging is vital for precise BCS, with MRI being the most accurate. However, MRI has limitations in identifying the exact extent of breast cancer in patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

2 × 2 MIMO dual-wideband ground radiation antenna with a T-shaped isolator for Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 applications.

In this paper, a miniaturized 2 × 2 MIMO dual-wideband ground radiation antenna targeting Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 standards using 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz frequency bands with sufficient antenna performance was designed. The proposed antenna system contains four identical 4 mm × 6 mm antennas of the internal loop type and two identical 6 mm × 6 mm isolators containing lumped LC elements.

Model-free current control solution employing intelligent control for enhanced motor drive performance.

The study presents an intelligent, model-free current control strategy that eliminates the need for explicit plant models while efficiently reducing the effect of plant parameter perturbation. By employing a data-driven approach with fewer input features, the proposed scheme reduces the computational burden during training while maintaining high control performance. Unlike conventional model predictive current control (MPCC), which is computationally expensive because of solving optimization problems at each sample time, and requires precise plant models, the proposed method enhances system performance by addressing plant model discrepancies through data-driven techniques.

Multi-modal conditional diffusion model using signed distance functions for metal-organic frameworks generation.

The design of porous materials with user-desired properties has been a great interest for the last few decades. However, the flexibility of target properties has been highly limited, and targeting multiple properties of diverse modalities simultaneously has been scarcely explored. Furthermore, although deep generative models have opened a new paradigm in materials generation, their incorporation into porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has not been satisfactory due to their structural complexity.

Circulatory age-associated B cells: Their distinct transcriptomic characteristics and clinical significance in drug-naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Age-associated B cells (ABCs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, the global gene expression and clinical significance of circulatory ABCs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain poorly understood. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing identified nine B cell subsets in peripheral blood of RA patients, including ABCs.

Performance of new race-free eGFR equations for predicting complications in chronic kidney disease: From the KNOW-CKD study.

Background The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) developed new race-free eGFR equations and recommended using these new equations in 2021. However, clinical implication of these new equations is not determined in Korean adults. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate performances of these new race-free eGFR equations in predicting complications in Korean chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Electrokinetic Enhancement of Membrane Techniques for Efficient Nanoparticle Separation and Preconcentration.

Efficient separation and preconcentration of nanoparticles are crucial in a wide range of biomedical applications, particularly as target substances continue to diminish in size. In this study, we introduce an electric field-assisted membrane system that synergistically combines oversized-pore membranes with an electrokinetic particle retention mechanism. Utilizing Ti/Au-coated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membranes, our approach generates electrokinetic forces to effectively separate and retain charged nanoparticles even smaller than the pores, achieving a separation efficiency over 99% and a preconcentration factor of 1.

Cushing's Disease Clinical Phenotype and Tumor Behavior Vary with Age: Diagnostic and Perioperative Implications.

Context: Little is known about presenting clinical characteristics, tumor biology, and surgical morbidity of Cushing's disease (CD) with aging.

Objective: Using a large multi-institutional dataset, we assessed diagnostic and prognostic significance of age in CD through differences in presentation, laboratory results, tumor characteristics, and postoperative outcomes.

Design: Data from the Registry of Adenomas of the Pituitary and Related Disorders (RAPID) were reviewed for patients with CD treated with transsphenoidal tumor resection at 11 centers between 2003 and 2023.

Laser-Induced Phase Control of Morphotropic Phase Boundary Hafnium-Zirconium Oxide.

A novel approach to delicately control the phase of a ferroelectric has been developed using a continuous-wave laser scanning annealing (CW-LSA) process. After proper process optimization, the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 3.5 Å with a dielectric constant (κ) of 68 Å is achieved from HZO in a metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitor structure.

Impact of delayed adoption of novel atrial fibrillation treatments.

Objective: To examine the relationship between adoption of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and health and cost outcomes for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Study Design: Real-world cohort study.

Methods: US adults who newly initiated treatment for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were identified from claims data.

Revolutionizing drug delivery: low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS)-driven deep penetration into hypoxic tumor microenvironments of cholangiocarcinoma.

Hypoxia is a major obstacle in the treatment of solid tumors because it causes immune escape and therapeutic resistance. Drug penetration into the hypoxic regions of tumor microenvironment (TME) is extremely limited. This study proposes using the unidirectional fluid flow property of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to overcome drug penetration limitations in the TME.

Male preference for TERT alterations and HBV integration in young-age HBV-related HCC: implications for sex disparity.

Background/aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits significant sex disparities in incidence, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We explored the role of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) genetic alterations and hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration, both known major contributors to HCC, in sex-specific risk for HBV-related HCC.

Methods: We examined 310 HBV-related HCC tissues to investigate sex-specific TERT promoter (TERT-pro) mutations and HBV integration profiles, stratified by sex and age, and validated with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data.