Molecular and immune landscape of tumours in geriatric patients with non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: Cancer patients aged ≥80 years present unique characteristics affecting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with unidentified molecular differences. This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers of response to ICI in patients ≥80 years.

Methods And Analysis: We analysed tumour samples (n=24 123) from patients ≥80 (versus<80) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma (MEL), and renal cell cancer (RCC).

Hierarchical image classification using transfer learning to improve deep learning model performance for amazon parrots.

Numerous studies have proven the potential of deep learning models for classifying wildlife. Such models can reduce the workload of experts by automating species classification to monitor wild populations and global trade. Although deep learning models typically perform better with more input data, the available wildlife data are ordinarily limited, specifically for rare or endangered species.

Identification of Lignans.

Lignans have garnered significant interest in various fields of pharmaceuticals, nutrition, and pesticides due to their diverse biological activities. This chapter primarily focuses on the extraction and purification methods of lignans from Schisandra, followed by an extensive examination of qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, methods for structural analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are briefly summarized.

Reactions of SleC, Its Structure and Inhibition in Mitigation of Spore Germination in .

Spore germination in is initiated by a cascade of activities of several proteins that culminates in the activation of SleC, a cell-wall-processing enzyme. We report herein the details of the enzymatic activities of SleC by the use of synthetic peptidoglycan fragments and of spore sacculi. The reactions include the formation of 1,6-anhydromuramate─a hallmark of lytic transglycosylase activity─as well as a muramate hydrolytic product, both of which proceed through the same transient oxocarbenium species.

Prognostic Value of Coronary Angiography-Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance in Patients With Intermediate Coronary Stenosis.

Background: The association between coronary microcirculation and clinical outcomes in patients with intermediate stenosis remains unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (angio-IMR) in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis.

Methods: This post hoc analysis included 1,658 patients from the FLAVOUR (Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular Ultrasound for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis) trial, with angio-IMR measured in each vessel exhibiting intermediate stenosis.

Evidence of h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η Decay and Search for h_{b}(1P,2P)→ϒ(1S)π^{0} with the Belle Detector.

We report the first evidence for the h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η transition with a significance of 3.5 standard deviations. The decay branching fraction is measured to be B[h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η]=(7.

Baseline Alpha-Fetoprotein Elevation and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Multicentre Cohort Study.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and its changes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may influence the risk of future hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to evaluate the HCC risk in CHB patients with no overt HCC but with elevated AFP level and to explore the prognostic role of longitudinal changes in AFP and liver-related laboratory values. This multicentre cohort study included 10,639 CHB patients without a history of HCC from seven medical facilities in South Korea.

Update in Cardiovascular Prevention: From Risk Scores to Imaging.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review explores the evolving evidence base surrounding ASCVD prevention, particularly regarding nontraditional biomarkers, risk scores, and cardiovascular imaging modalities. Additionally, this review examines cardiovascular risk scores, including the PREVENT and MESA-CHD scores, which incorporate both traditional and nontraditional factors, thereby aspiring to offer a more equitable and precise risk assessment.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of extended endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (EELF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF): a prospective observational study.

Lumbar foraminal stenosis can be surgically treated by foraminal decompression or facet joint resection and fusion (transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, TLIF). While conventional foraminal decompression poses a risk of segmental instability, the endoscopic approach (extended endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy, EELF) resects only the ventral part of the facet joint with a horizontal surgical trajectory. A prospective observational study was performed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of EELF versus TLIF.

A pediatric emergency prediction model using natural language process in the pediatric emergency department.

This study developed a predictive model using deep learning (DL) and natural language processing (NLP) to identify emergency cases in pediatric emergency departments. It analyzed 87,759 pediatric cases from a South Korean tertiary hospital (2012-2021) using electronic medical records. Various NLP models, including four machine learning (ML) models with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and two DL models based on the KM-BERT framework, were trained to differentiate emergency cases using clinician transcripts.

An open-label, phase IB/II study of abemaciclib with paclitaxel for tumors with CDK4/6 pathway genomic alterations.

Background: Disruption of cyclin D-dependent kinases (CDKs), particularly CDK4/6, drives cancer cell proliferation via abnormal protein phosphorylation. This open-label, single-arm, phase Ib/II trial evaluated the efficacy of the CDK4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, combined with paclitaxel against CDK4/6-activated tumors.

Patients And Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors with CDK4/6 pathway aberrations were included.

Structured Liquid--Liquid Emulsion Stabilized by Surface-Engineered Liquid Metal Droplets as "Mutant" Pickering Emulsifiers.

Liquid metals (LMs), i.e., metals and alloys that exist in a liquid state at room temperature, have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their electronic and rheological properties useful in various cutting-edge technologies.

Nelonemdaz and Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Mechanical Reperfusion: The RODIN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Nelonemdaz selectively antagonizes the 2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor and scavenges free radical species.

Objective: To evaluate whether nelonemdaz enhances the clinical outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing emergent reperfusion therapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized phase 3 trial (December 25, 2021, to June 30, 2023, in South Korea) recruited patients with acute ischemic stroke who met the following criteria: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score greater than or equal to 8, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography score greater than or equal to 4, and endovascular thrombectomy within 12 hours after stroke onset.

Factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms in healthcare providers after performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a mixed-methods study.

The experience of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can cause post-traumatic stress symptoms that negatively impact healthcare providers and reduced their clinical competency. This two-phase mixed-methods was conducted to investigate the factors that cause post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) in healthcare providers who perform CPR. Phase 1 included a survey with a trauma screening questionnaire (TSQ).

Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Ocular Hypertension After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty.

Purpose: Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) has emerged as a novel approach in corneal transplantation over the past two decades. This study aims to identify predisposing risk factors for post-DMEK ocular hypertension (OHT) and develop a preoperative predictive model for post-DMEK OHT.

Methods: Patients who underwent DMEK at Gangnam Severance Hospital between 2017 and 2024 were included in the study.

Characterisation of the Novel HLA-C*03:657 Allele in a Korean Individual by Next-Generation Sequencing.

HLA-C*03:657 differs from HLA-C*03:04:01:02 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 82 in exon 2.

Management and outcomes of thoracic sarcomas - a collaboration between Orthopaedic Oncology and cardiothoracic surgery: seven-year clinical data from a tertiary referral centre.

Introduction: Sarcomas are rare cancers originating from mesenchymal tissues, manifesting in diverse anatomical locations, but notably in connective tissue, muscles and the skeleton. Thoracic sarcomas present a unique diagnostic and surgical challenge attributable to their rarity and pathoanatomy. Standard practice currently comprises wide surgical excision, often accompanied by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Korean goosegrass (Eleusine indica).

Goosegrass, belonging to the genus Eleusine within the Chloridoideae subfamily, is often one of the problematic weeds with strong invasiveness, competing with crops for essential survival resources. Although a chromosome-level genome assembly of E. indica from China was published last year, the present research focuses on a population of E.

Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q.

Objectives: The present study describes the comparative effect of 24-week supplementation of beeswax alcohol (BWA, Raydel, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) and coenzyme Q (CoQ, 0.

A Multi-Center, Prospective, Observational Study to Evaluate the Therapeutic Effectiveness and Safety of an Olmesartan/Amlodipine Plus Rosuvastatin Combination Treatment in Patients with Concomitant Hypertension and Dyslipidemia.

This study assessed the therapeutic effectiveness of a single-pill combination (SPC) of olmesartan/amlodipine plus rosuvastatin for blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Adult patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia who were decided to be treated with the study drug were eligible. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved BP, LDL-C and both BP and LDL-C treatment goals at weeks 24-48.

Phlorofucofuroeckol-A: A Natural Compound with Potential to Attenuate Inflammatory Diseases Caused by Airborne Fine Dust.

: Persistent exposure to airborne fine dust (FD) particles contributing to air pollution has been linked to various human health issues, including respiratory inflammation, allergies, and skin diseases. We aimed to identify potential seaweed anti-inflammatory bioactive reagents and determine their effects on systemic inflammatory responses induced by FD particles. : While exploring anti-inflammatory bioactive reagents, we purified compounds with potential anti-inflammatory effects from the seaweed extracts of , , and .

Substrate Integrated Waveguide on Glass with Vacuum-Filled Tin Through Glass Vias for Millimeter-Wave Applications.

This paper presents a novel approach to fabricate substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) on glass substrates with tin (Sn) through glass vias (TGVs) tailored for millimeter-wave applications. The fabrication process employs a custom-designed vacuum suctioning system to rapidly fill precise TGV holes in the glass substrate, which are formed by wafer-level glass reflow micromachining techniques with molten tin in a minute. This method offers a very fast and cost-effective alternative for complete via filling without voids compared to the conventional metallization techniques such as electroplating or sputtering.

Prevalence of Reasons for Tooth Extraction in Small- and Medium-Breed Dogs.

As the life span of companion animals increases and their owners' concern for their quality of life increases, interest in dental diseases has also gained attention. While many studies have explored oral diseases in general, research on small-breed dogs remains limited. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed various diseases that led to tooth extraction in small- and medium-breed dogs.