Current state of chikungunya fever laboratory diagnosis (review of literature).

The article is about methods of chikungunya fever laboratory diagnosis. An algorithm for the study of biological material for the presence of antibodies against chikungunya virus and virus antigens is presented. The overview describes the information about commercial immunodiagnostic and genodiagnostic kits and their detailed specifications.

[Zika fever immunodiagnostics: overview of test systems.].

The threat of rapid spread of Zika virus beyond endemic regions has given rise to more research in field of epidemiology and clinic, as well as to the search for Zika fiver new diagnostic and preventive tools. Between 2013 and 2017 in Russia 18 cases of infection transmission by travellers were reported. Fever Zika reference monitoring center in Volgograd Research AntiPlague Institute (Volgograd, Russian Federation) provides counseling and methodological assistance on laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of Zika fever.

[IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF GLANDERS AND MELIOIDOSIS BASED ON PRINCIPLES OF POLYPHASE TAXONOMIC APPROACH].

Aim: Determine an optimal set of the most effective methods of identification and intraspecies typing ofcausative agents ofglanders and melioidosis. Materials andmethods. Bacteriologic, immunochemical, molecular-genetic methods were used.

[The comparative evalution of informativeness of immunologic and molecular genetic methods and means during stages of specific indication of melioidosis agent].

The reference-center of monitoring of agents of glanders and melioidosis carried out testing of reagents kits for diagnostic of agent of melioidosis and other close-related species of Burkholderiae in vitro. At the stage of specific identification of pathogenic Burkholderiae the diagnostic possibilities of commercial and experimental kits of reagents for express- and rapid analysis were evaluated. The criteria of evaluation of diagnostic value of kits of reagents were sensitivity, specificity and time of implementation of studies.

Activity of some enzymes in the liver of experimental animals after treatment with the liposomal formulation of tetracycline and streptomycin.

A new method for obtaining the liposomal formulation of streptomycin and tetracycline is described in the present work. The physicochemical properties of this formulation were evaluated. We compared the effects of free and liposomal formulations from streptomycin and tetracycline on activity of liver enzymes in albino mice.

[Immunogenic and protective characteristics of surface antigens 6 and d of Burkholderia pseudomallei].

Aim: Extraction of complex of Burkholderia pseudomallei antigens 6+d (Ag6+d) and study of its immunogenic and protective characteristics.

Materials And Methods: Studied antigens were obtained from acrtone-dried cells of B. pseudomallei 57576.

Effect of liposomal tetracycline hydrochloride on enzymatic function of the liver.

Preparation and physicochemical properties of liposome-incorporated tetracycline are described. Comparison of the effects of tetracycline hydrochloride in free and liposome-incorporated forms on enzymatic functions of the liver showed that immobilization of the antibiotic into liposomes protects liver cells from functional disturbances.

[The use of fluorescent liposomal immunoanalysis for the diagnostics and indication of glanders and melioidosis].

The authors have developed a homogenous method for the detection of the cells, surface antigen, and Ag8 of glanders and melioidosis pathogens and antibodies to them, based on the compliment-dependent lysis of Ag8-sensitized liposomes. The method is highly specific; its sensitivity to antibodies to glanders and melioidosis pathogens is 24 to 440 times higher than that of RID: its sensitivity to Ag8 is 100 ng/ml corresponding to 1.25x10-10 M, and its sensitivity to cells is 10(5) to 10(6) cells/ml).

[Immunogenicity of surface and capsular antigens of Burkholderia].

Study showed that five (C3, C6, C9, C10, C11) out of ten chromatographic fractions of surface and capsular antigens of B. mallei significantly stimulated cell-mediated immunity that manifested in activation of delayed hypersensivity reactions (DHS) and phagocyteability of noncapsulated avirulent strain of B. mallei with added surface and capsular antigenic complexes.

[Experimental study on the therapeutic effect of liposome-entrapped antibiotics in the treatment of destructive pneumonia].

The data on preparation of liposome-entrapped gentamicin sulfate and cefoperazone and their investigation on albino mice with staphylococcal destructive pneumonia are presented. Comparative study of the efficacy of gentamicin sulfate and cefoperazone in free and liposome-entrapped forms showed that immobilization of the antibiotics in phospholipid vesicles provided a 2-fold increase of their efficacy.

[Use of infusoria Paramecium caudatum for the evaluation of the toxicity of antigens of different causative quarantine agents].

The results of the evaluation of the toxicity of bacterial antigens obtained from the causative agents of plaque, glanders, melioidosis, cholera on infusoria of the species P. caudatum, as well as on cell lines L-929, CHO K-1 and peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice, are presented. As revealed in this study, the method of toxicity determination on infusoria is similar in its sensitivity to the methods of testing on.

[Ultrastructural immunochemical study of pathogenic Burkholderia capsule].

The capsular structures of Burkholderia pseudomallei, B. mallei, B. cepacia and their avirulent noncapsular mutants were studied with the use of electron ahd immunocytochemical techniques.

[Immune response in experimental animals immunized with Burkholderia pseudomallei surface antigens].

The influence of the chromatographic fractions of B. pseudomallei surface antigenic complex (C, C1, D, H) on immune response in white rats and white mice was under study. These antigenic complexes were noted to produce perceptible stimulating effect on the immune system of white rats, in contrast to that of white mice.

[Intermolecular interactions of dipeptide triterpene derivatives and natural quinones with alpha-tocopherol].

In modeling system of the initiated oxidation of methyl oleate the antioxidation activity of a series of dipeptide derivatives of betulonic and glycyrrhetic acids, natural quinones (ubiquinone, philloquinone and menadione) and the kinetic effects of their combined action with alpha-tocopherol were studied. The same extreme character of the dependence of inhibitory action on the concentration of all investigated substances was found. Combined addition of triterpenoids or quinones together with alpha-tocopherol attenuated their effect.

[Antigen 8 biosynthesis during cultivation of Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei].

The dynamics of the antigen 8 synthesis in Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei under conditions of their submerged was studied. Differences in the intensity of this antigen synthesis in two pathogenic Burkholderia species were established and the producer strains, most effective with respect to this sign, were selected.

[The isolation of monoclonal antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans antigens].

In this work conditions for the reproduction of hybridoma technology, specially adapted to C. neoformans, for obtaining monoclonal hybridomas (McAb) to diagnostically significant antigens of C. neoformans, the infective agent of cryptococcosis, are presented.

[The enzyme-antienzyme interactions of a number of Burkholderia pseudomallei hydrolases with monoclonal immunoglobulins].

Phosphatase, phospholipase C and a proteolytic complex, including casein- and hemoglobin-hydrolases, have been isolated from cell-free extracts of B. pseudomallei cultivation medium. A set of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to the antigenic complexes of this infective agent has been obtained.

Characterization of bilirubin inhibitory properties in free radical oxidation reactions.

The rate constant of the reaction between bilirubin (BR), the end product of heme catabolism, and alkylperoxyl radical was estimated by the chemiluminescence method in the model reaction of ethyl benzene induced oxidation. The constant was determined to be 1.5.

The role of tocopherols in biomembrane lipid peroxidation.

The rate constants of elementary reactions of oxidation inhibition by tocopherols of different structures (peroxy radical destruction by antioxidant molecules, interaction of inhibitor radicals with one another and with oxidation substrate) are discussed. In contrast with most synthetic phenol antioxidants, tocopherols exhibit a high affinity to peroxy radicals (the rate constants for their reactions with these radicals are one or two orders of magnitude greater than those for reactions involving most synthetic phenols: they possess a fairly high stability of phenoxyl radicals formed and activity in the reaction of oxidation-chain transfer). The activity of tocopherol radicals in chain transfer reactions depends on their structure and manifests itself in a marked dependence of the extent of inhibition on oxidation conditions and the antioxidant concentration, up to an opposite effect.

[The outlook for improving the immunoglobulin preparations for the detection and identification of the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis].

The paper summarizes the data concerning the production and study of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the diagnostically significant glanders and melioidosis bacillus antigens. It evaluates the efficiency of using MAb in the gel immunodiffusion and agglutination tests as a basis of new-generation preparations for fluorescent antibody assay, indirect hemagglutination test which are used while detecting and identifying pathogenic pseudomonads. The paper defines the quality indices for monoclonal luminescent immunoglobulins and provides evidence for the benefits of monoclonal diagnostic agents over polyclonal analogues.